PD-1 inhibitors provide new opportunities in conversion therapy for stage IV gastric cancer

Han Liang

doi:10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0244

References

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3. Zhang SW,
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7. Chen R, et al.
Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2016. J Natl Cancer Center. 2022; 2: 1–9.
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2. Miao ZF,
3. Chen HY,
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5. Ji JF,
6. Liang H,
7. Xu HM, et al.
Progress and remaining challenges in comprehensive gastric cancer treatment. Holist Integ Oncol. 2022; 1: 1–10.
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4.↵
2. Fujitani K,
3. Yang HK,
4. Mizusawa J,
5. Kim YW,
6. Terashima M,
7. Han SU, et al.
REGATTA study investigator. Gastrectomy plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric cancer with a single non-curable factor (REGATTA): a phase 3, randomized controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016; 17: 309–18.
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2. Yoshida K,
3. Yamaguchi K,
4. Okumura N,
5. Tanahashi T,
6. Kodera Y.
Is Conversion therapy possible in stage IV gastric cancer: the proposal of new biological categories of classification. Gastric Cancer. 2016; 19: 329–38.
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2. Kinoshita J,
3. Fushida S,
4. Tsukada T,
5. Oyama K,
6. Okamoto K,
7. Makino I, et al.
Efficacy of conversion gastrectomy following docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1 therapy in potentially resectable stage IV gastric cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2015; 41: 1354–1360.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
7.↵
2. Al-Batran SE,
3. Homann N,
4. Pauligk C,
5. Illerhaus G,
6. Martens UM,
7. Stoehlmacher J, et al.
Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection on survival in patients with limited metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer: The AIO-FLOT3 Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2017; 3: 1237–44.
OpenUrl
8.↵
2. Ishigami H,
3. Fujiwara Y,
4. Fukushima R,
5. Nashimoto A,
6. Yabusaki H,
7. Imano M, et al.
Phase III trial comparing intraperitoneal and intravenous paclitaxel plus S-1 versus cisplatin plus S-1 in patients with gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis: PHOENIX-GC Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018; 36: 1922–9.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
9.↵
2. Yoshida K,
3. Itaru Y,
4. Terashima M,
5. Sun YR,
6. Bae JM,
7. Li GX, et al.
International retrospective cohort study of conversion therapy for stage IV gastric cancer 1 (CONVO-GC-1). Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2021; 6: 227–40.
OpenUrl
10.↵
2. Zhan HJ,
3. Liang H,
4. Liu HM,
5. Wang XJ,
6. Ding XW,
7. Wang XN, et al.
Prognostic analysis of intraoperative chemo- hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion in patients with advanced gastric cancer of different pathological types and Borrmann’s classifications. Chin J Clin Oncol. 2020; 47: 135–9.
OpenUrl
11.↵
2. Cui SZ,
3. Liang H,
4. Li Y,
5. Zhou YB,
6. Tao KX,
7. Zhou ZW, et al.
Chinese Peritoneal Oncology Study Group. PILGRIM: Phase III clinical trial in evaluating the role of hyperthermia intraperitoneal chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy (HIPEC-01). J Clin Oncol. 2020; 38: 4538.
OpenUrl
12.↵
2. Bang YJ,
3. Van Cutsem E,
4. Feyereislova A,
5. Chung HC,
6. Shen L,
7. Sawaki A, et al.
Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (ToGA): a phase 3, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2010; 376: 687–97.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science
13.↵
2. Mitsui Y,
3. Sato Y,
4. Miyamoto H,
5. Fujino Y,
6. Takaoka T,
7. Miyoschi J, et al.
Trastuzumab in combination with docetaxel/cisplatin/ S-1 (DCS) for patients with HER2-positive metastatic gastric cancer: feasibility and preliminary efficacy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2015; 76: 375–82.
OpenUrl
14.↵
2. Cheng X,
3. Xu Z,
4. Du Y,
5. Hu P,
6. Yu G,
7. Hu C.
Conversion therapy using S-1/paclitaxel chemotherapy plus apatinib in unresectable gastric cancer: updated data from a phase II trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018; 36: e16010.
15.↵
2. Cai MZ,
3. Wang XJ,
4. Liu Y,
5. Deng JY,
6. Wang XN,
7. Ding XW, et al.
Retrospective study of conversion therapy using two-droug combination chemotherapy with apatinib for unresectable stage IV gastric cancer. Chin J Gastrointestinal Surg. 2021; 24: 67–72.
OpenUrl
16.↵
2. Janjigian YY,
3. Shitara K,
4. Moehler M,
5. Garrido M,
6. Salman P,
7. Shen L, et al.
First-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction, and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (CheckMate 649): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2021; 398: 27–40.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
17.↵
2. Shen L,
3. Bai Y,
4. Lin X,
5. Xu JM,
6. Zhang YQ,
7. Qin SK, et al.
First-line (1L) nivolumab(NIVO) plus chemotherapy (chemo) versus chemo in patients (pts) with advanced gastric cancer/gastroesophageal junction cancer/esophageal adenocarcinoma (GC/GEJC/EAC): CheckMate 649 Chinese subgroup analysis. 2021; 81: CT184.
18.↵
2. Ding X,
3. Li B,
4. Xue Q,
5. Cai M,
6. Cui J,
7. Wang B, et al.
Perioperative sintilimab combination with SOX for resectable locally gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/EGJC): initial finding of a single-arm phase II trial. J Clin Oncol. 2022; 40: 294.
OpenUrl
19.↵
2. Janjigian YY,
3. Kawazoe A,
4. Yanez P,
5. Li N,
6. Lonardi S,
7. Kolesnik O, et al.
The KEYNOTE-811 trial of dual PD-1 and HER2 blockade in HER2-positive gastric cancer. Nature. 2021; 600: 727–30.
OpenUrl PubMed
20.↵
2. Xue Q,
3. Wang B,
4. Wang X,
5. Ding X,
6. Liu Y,
7. Wang X, et al.
CO-STAR: Surgical conversion feasibility trial of sintilimab (PD-1 inhibitor) combined with Nab-PTX, S-1 and apatinib for the first-line treatment of stage IV gastric cancer (GC). J Clin Oncol. 2021; 39: e16041.
21.↵
2. Bai RL,
3. Chen NF,
4. Chen X,
5. Li LY,
6. Song W,
7. Li W, et al.
Analysis of characteristics and predictive factors of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events. Cancer Biol Med. 2021; 18: 1118–33.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

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[1] 1.↵

Zheng RS,
Zhang SW,
Zeng HM,
Wang SM,
Sun KX,
Chen R, et al.
Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2016. J Natl Cancer Center. 2022; 2: 1–9.
OpenUrl

[3] Zheng RS,

[4] Zhang SW,

[5] Zeng HM,

[6] Wang SM,

[7] Sun KX,

[8] Chen R, et al.

[9] 2.↵

Allemani C,
Matsuda T,
Di Carlo V,
Harewood R,
Matz M,
Niksic M, et al.
CONCORD Working Group. Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000-14(CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37513025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based in 71 countries. Lancet. 2018; 391: 1023–75.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[11] Allemani C,

[12] Matsuda T,

[13] Di Carlo V,

[14] Harewood R,

[15] Matz M,

[16] Niksic M, et al.

[17] 3.↵

Miao ZF,
Chen HY,
Wang ZN,
Ji JF,
Liang H,
Xu HM, et al.
Progress and remaining challenges in comprehensive gastric cancer treatment. Holist Integ Oncol. 2022; 1: 1–10.
OpenUrl

[19] Miao ZF,

[20] Chen HY,

[21] Wang ZN,

[22] Ji JF,

[23] Liang H,

[24] Xu HM, et al.

[25] 4.↵

Fujitani K,
Yang HK,
Mizusawa J,
Kim YW,
Terashima M,
Han SU, et al.
REGATTA study investigator. Gastrectomy plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric cancer with a single non-curable factor (REGATTA): a phase 3, randomized controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016; 17: 309–18.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[27] Fujitani K,

[28] Yang HK,

[29] Mizusawa J,

[30] Kim YW,

[31] Terashima M,

[32] Han SU, et al.

[33] 5.↵

Yoshida K,
Yamaguchi K,
Okumura N,
Tanahashi T,
Kodera Y.
Is Conversion therapy possible in stage IV gastric cancer: the proposal of new biological categories of classification. Gastric Cancer. 2016; 19: 329–38.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[35] Yoshida K,

[36] Yamaguchi K,

[37] Okumura N,

[38] Tanahashi T,

[39] Kodera Y.

[40] 6.↵

Kinoshita J,
Fushida S,
Tsukada T,
Oyama K,
Okamoto K,
Makino I, et al.
Efficacy of conversion gastrectomy following docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1 therapy in potentially resectable stage IV gastric cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2015; 41: 1354–1360.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[42] Kinoshita J,

[43] Fushida S,

[44] Tsukada T,

[45] Oyama K,

[46] Okamoto K,

[47] Makino I, et al.

[48] 7.↵

Al-Batran SE,
Homann N,
Pauligk C,
Illerhaus G,
Martens UM,
Stoehlmacher J, et al.
Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection on survival in patients with limited metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer: The AIO-FLOT3 Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2017; 3: 1237–44.
OpenUrl

[50] Al-Batran SE,

[51] Homann N,

[52] Pauligk C,

[53] Illerhaus G,

[54] Martens UM,

[55] Stoehlmacher J, et al.

[56] 8.↵

Ishigami H,
Fujiwara Y,
Fukushima R,
Nashimoto A,
Yabusaki H,
Imano M, et al.
Phase III trial comparing intraperitoneal and intravenous paclitaxel plus S-1 versus cisplatin plus S-1 in patients with gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis: PHOENIX-GC Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018; 36: 1922–9.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[58] Ishigami H,

[59] Fujiwara Y,

[60] Fukushima R,

[61] Nashimoto A,

[62] Yabusaki H,

[63] Imano M, et al.

[64] 9.↵

Yoshida K,
Itaru Y,
Terashima M,
Sun YR,
Bae JM,
Li GX, et al.
International retrospective cohort study of conversion therapy for stage IV gastric cancer 1 (CONVO-GC-1). Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2021; 6: 227–40.
OpenUrl

[66] Yoshida K,

[67] Itaru Y,

[68] Terashima M,

[69] Sun YR,

[70] Bae JM,

[71] Li GX, et al.

[72] 10.↵

Zhan HJ,
Liang H,
Liu HM,
Wang XJ,
Ding XW,
Wang XN, et al.
Prognostic analysis of intraoperative chemo- hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion in patients with advanced gastric cancer of different pathological types and Borrmann’s classifications. Chin J Clin Oncol. 2020; 47: 135–9.
OpenUrl

[74] Zhan HJ,

[75] Liang H,

[76] Liu HM,

[77] Wang XJ,

[78] Ding XW,

[79] Wang XN, et al.

[80] 11.↵

Cui SZ,
Liang H,
Li Y,
Zhou YB,
Tao KX,
Zhou ZW, et al.
Chinese Peritoneal Oncology Study Group. PILGRIM: Phase III clinical trial in evaluating the role of hyperthermia intraperitoneal chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy (HIPEC-01). J Clin Oncol. 2020; 38: 4538.
OpenUrl

[82] Cui SZ,

[83] Liang H,

[84] Li Y,

[85] Zhou YB,

[86] Tao KX,

[87] Zhou ZW, et al.

[88] 12.↵

Bang YJ,
Van Cutsem E,
Feyereislova A,
Chung HC,
Shen L,
Sawaki A, et al.
Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (ToGA): a phase 3, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2010; 376: 687–97.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science

[90] Bang YJ,

[91] Van Cutsem E,

[92] Feyereislova A,

[93] Chung HC,

[94] Shen L,

[95] Sawaki A, et al.

[96] 13.↵

Mitsui Y,
Sato Y,
Miyamoto H,
Fujino Y,
Takaoka T,
Miyoschi J, et al.
Trastuzumab in combination with docetaxel/cisplatin/ S-1 (DCS) for patients with HER2-positive metastatic gastric cancer: feasibility and preliminary efficacy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2015; 76: 375–82.
OpenUrl

[98] Mitsui Y,

[99] Sato Y,

[100] Miyamoto H,

[101] Fujino Y,

[102] Takaoka T,

[103] Miyoschi J, et al.

[104] 14.↵

Cheng X,
Xu Z,
Du Y,
Hu P,
Yu G,
Hu C.
Conversion therapy using S-1/paclitaxel chemotherapy plus apatinib in unresectable gastric cancer: updated data from a phase II trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018; 36: e16010.

[106] Cheng X,

[107] Xu Z,

[108] Du Y,

[109] Hu P,

[110] Yu G,

[111] Hu C.

[112] 15.↵

Cai MZ,
Wang XJ,
Liu Y,
Deng JY,
Wang XN,
Ding XW, et al.
Retrospective study of conversion therapy using two-droug combination chemotherapy with apatinib for unresectable stage IV gastric cancer. Chin J Gastrointestinal Surg. 2021; 24: 67–72.
OpenUrl

[114] Cai MZ,

[115] Wang XJ,

[116] Liu Y,

[117] Deng JY,

[118] Wang XN,

[119] Ding XW, et al.

[120] 16.↵

Janjigian YY,
Shitara K,
Moehler M,
Garrido M,
Salman P,
Shen L, et al.
First-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction, and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (CheckMate 649): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2021; 398: 27–40.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[122] Janjigian YY,

[123] Shitara K,

[124] Moehler M,

[125] Garrido M,

[126] Salman P,

[127] Shen L, et al.

[128] 17.↵

Shen L,
Bai Y,
Lin X,
Xu JM,
Zhang YQ,
Qin SK, et al.
First-line (1L) nivolumab(NIVO) plus chemotherapy (chemo) versus chemo in patients (pts) with advanced gastric cancer/gastroesophageal junction cancer/esophageal adenocarcinoma (GC/GEJC/EAC): CheckMate 649 Chinese subgroup analysis. 2021; 81: CT184.

[130] Shen L,

[131] Bai Y,

[132] Lin X,

[133] Xu JM,

[134] Zhang YQ,

[135] Qin SK, et al.

[136] 18.↵

Ding X,
Li B,
Xue Q,
Cai M,
Cui J,
Wang B, et al.
Perioperative sintilimab combination with SOX for resectable locally gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/EGJC): initial finding of a single-arm phase II trial. J Clin Oncol. 2022; 40: 294.
OpenUrl

[138] Ding X,

[139] Li B,

[140] Xue Q,

[141] Cai M,

[142] Cui J,

[143] Wang B, et al.

[144] 19.↵

Janjigian YY,
Kawazoe A,
Yanez P,
Li N,
Lonardi S,
Kolesnik O, et al.
The KEYNOTE-811 trial of dual PD-1 and HER2 blockade in HER2-positive gastric cancer. Nature. 2021; 600: 727–30.
OpenUrl PubMed

[146] Janjigian YY,

[147] Kawazoe A,

[148] Yanez P,

[149] Li N,

[150] Lonardi S,

[151] Kolesnik O, et al.

[152] 20.↵

Xue Q,
Wang B,
Wang X,
Ding X,
Liu Y,
Wang X, et al.
CO-STAR: Surgical conversion feasibility trial of sintilimab (PD-1 inhibitor) combined with Nab-PTX, S-1 and apatinib for the first-line treatment of stage IV gastric cancer (GC). J Clin Oncol. 2021; 39: e16041.

[154] Xue Q,

[155] Wang B,

[156] Wang X,

[157] Ding X,

[158] Liu Y,

[159] Wang X, et al.

[160] 21.↵

Bai RL,
Chen NF,
Chen X,
Li LY,
Song W,
Li W, et al.
Analysis of characteristics and predictive factors of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events. Cancer Biol Med. 2021; 18: 1118–33.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[162] Bai RL,

[163] Chen NF,

[164] Chen X,

[165] Li LY,

[166] Song W,

[167] Li W, et al.

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