Abstract The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway (MAPK signaling pathway) plays a
significant role in multiple pathological behaviors and is most frequently dysregulated in …

The MEK/MAPK signaling module is a key integration point along signal transduction
cascades that regulate cell growth, survival, and differentiation, and is aberrantly activated in …

Abstract The RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK pathway is the most well-studied of the MAPK cascades
and is critical for cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Abnormalities in regulation …

Abstract The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a
driver behind key cellular processes such as gene transcription, cellular proliferation …

The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling cascade is essential for cell inter-and intra-
cellular communication, which regulates fundamental cell functions such as growth, survival …

Mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK, MEK) mediates signal transduction,
controlling cell proliferation and survival. MEK occupies a key downstream position in the …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway dysregulation is implicated in> 30% of all
cancers, rationalizing the development of RAF, MEK and ERK inhibitors. While BRAF and …

The clinical success of selective kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib and erlotinib, as
therapeutic agents for several human cancers has prompted substantial interest in the …

Aberrant activation of the RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK1/2 pathway occurs in more than 30% of
human cancers. As part of this pathway, MEK1 and MEK2 have crucial roles in …

Aberrant activation of the three-layered protein kinase cascade, Raf/MEK/ERK, is often
detected in human cancer, which is mainly attributed to the oncogenic alterations of RAF, or …