Longitudinal pigmentation of the nail is very common. The differential diagnosis varies from
subungual hematoma, to a fungal infection, to a melanocytic lesion (lentigo, nevus melanoma…

Background Nivolumab and ipilimumab are immune checkpoint inhibitors that have been
approved for the treatment of advanced melanoma. In the United States, ipilimumab has also …

The preservation of a functional pancreatic β-cell mass has become a major point of research
in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the future therapies of T2D notably aim at protecting the β-cell …

So far, no common environmental and/or phenotypic factor has been associated with
melanoma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The known risk factors for melanoma include sun …

Background The programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor pembrolizumab has been found to
prolong progression-free and overall survival among patients with advanced melanoma. We …

Peptide hormones within the secretin-glucagon family are expressed in endocrine cells of
the pancreas and gastrointestinal epithelium and in specialized neurons in the brain, and …

The diagnosis of melanonychia striata is often difficult, and a biopsy of the nail matrix is required
in doubtful cases. However, dermoscopic examination of the nail plate offers interesting …

Transcription factors, extensively described for their role in epithelial–mesenchymal transition
(EMT-TFs) in epithelial cells, also display essential functions in the melanocyte lineage. …

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome is a rare condition implicating systemic immune
reaction against melanocytes. The pathophysiology is unclear. A genetic predisposition has …

Background Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) are
distinct inhibitory immune checkpoints that contribute to T-cell exhaustion. The combination of …