Stimulation of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor activates the
phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway causing pleiotropic cellular effects including an …

Tumours with mutant BRAF are dependent on the RAF–MEK–ERK signalling pathway for
their growth 1 , 2 , 3 . We found that ATP-competitive RAF inhibitors inhibit ERK signalling in …

The Hsp90 chaperone is required for the activation of several families of eukaryotic protein
kinases and nuclear hormone receptors, many of which are proto-oncogenic and play a …

Activated RAS promotes dimerization of members of the RAF kinase family 1 , 2 , 3 . ATP-competitive
RAF inhibitors activate ERK signalling 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 by transactivating RAF dimers 4 . …

The kinase pathway comprising RAS, RAF, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)
and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) is activated in most human tumours, often …

Prostate cancer is characterized by its dependence on androgen receptor (AR) and frequent
activation of PI3K signaling. We find that AR transcriptional output is decreased in human …

Activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway in tumors is modulated by negative feedback, including
mTORC1-mediated inhibition of upstream signaling. We now show that AKT inhibition …

Progress in the field of precision medicine has changed the landscape of cancer therapy.
Precision medicine is propelled by technologies that enable molecular profiling, genomic …

Hsp90 is a chaperone required for the conformational maturation of certain signaling proteins
including Raf, cdk4, and steroid receptors. Natural products and synthetic small molecules …

Metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs) are clinically heterogeneous, but the genomic basis
of this variability remains poorly understood. We performed prospective targeted sequencing …