The balance of programmed death-1 (PD-1)-expressing CD8 + T cells and regulatory T (Treg)
cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) determines the clinical efficacy of PD-1 …

Immune checkpoint blockade has provided a paradigm shift in cancer therapy, but the success
of this approach is very variable; therefore, biomarkers predictive of clinical efficacy are …

BACKGROUND. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether tumor‐infiltrating
immune cells in biopsy specimens can be used to predict the clinical outcome of stage IV …

Cancer microenvironment is created not only by malignant epithelial cells, but also by several
kinds of stromal cells. Since Paget proposed the “seed and soil” hypothesis, the biological …

Because autonomous proliferating cancer cells are often exposed to hypoxic conditions, there
must be an alternative metabolic pathway, such as autophagy, that allows them to obtain …

To confirm whether human cancer-induced stromal cells are derived from bone marrow, bone
marrow (BM) cells obtained from β-galactosidase transgenic and recombination activating …

Purpose: Patients with oral tongue carcinoma treated by intraoral excision only should be
followed up carefully for cervical lymph node metastasis and salvaged immediately if found, …

There is growing evidence that tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor
growth and dissemination. Many individual reports have focused on the protumor function of …

Background RET rearrangements are rare oncogenic alterations in non-small-cell lung cancer
(NSCLC). Vandetanib is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor exhibiting RET kinase …

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the level of
expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, and response to …