Tumor molecular profiling is a fundamental component of precision oncology, enabling the
identification of genomic alterations in genes and pathways that can be targeted …

RAF kinase inhibitors have substantial therapeutic effects in patients with BRAF-mutant
melanoma. However, only rarely do tumors regress completely, and the therapeutic effects are …

A main limitation of therapies that selectively target kinase signalling pathways is the
emergence of secondary drug resistance. Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that binds the …

Technological innovation and rapid reduction in sequencing costs have enabled the genomic
profiling of hundreds of cancer-associated genes as a component of routine cancer care. …

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatments benefit some patients with metastatic cancers,
but predictive biomarkers are needed. Findings in selected cancer types suggest that tumor …

We integrated the genomic sequencing of 1,918 breast cancers, including 1,501 hormone
receptor-positive tumors, with detailed clinical information and treatment outcomes. In 692 …

Purpose With prospective clinical sequencing of tumors emerging as a mainstay in cancer
care, an urgent need exists for a clinical support tool that distills the clinical implications …

Heat shock protein 90 has emerged as an important target in several diseases. The present
review will discuss our understanding of the role played by Hsp90 in regulating and …

Activated RAS promotes dimerization of members of the RAF kinase family 1 , 2 , 3 . ATP-competitive
RAF inhibitors activate ERK signalling 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 by transactivating RAF dimers 4 . …

The kinase pathway comprising RAS, RAF, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)
and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) is activated in most human tumours, often …