Trends in Microbiology
OpinionSalmonella-induced cell death: apoptosis, necrosis or programmed cell death?
Section snippets
Apoptosis: multiple pathways leading to the activation of caspases
Studies on developmental cell death in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans indicate that a cysteine protease termed Ced-3 is required for PCD 6. In mammals, there are 14 known Ced-3-like proteases that comprise a family of proteins referred to as caspases (cysteine aspartases) 7. Based on structural features and substrate specificity, the mammalian caspases fall into three subclasses.
The first class is the downstream or effector caspases. These caspases are most similar to Ced-3, as they cleave
Salmonella-induced cell death
Salmonella typhi is the etiologic agent of typhoid fever in humans whereas S. typhimurium is known to cause a typhoid-like disease in mice. The organisms are taken up by ingestion of contaminated food, and enter the digestive tract. Once they reach the lower gastrointestinal tract, they cross through the M cells that overlay the Peyer's patches and gain access to the lymphoid follicles and lamina propria. There, the Salmonella enter macrophages and reside in vesicles. Inside these vesicles, the
Acknowledgments
We thank Mike Starnbach, Adrianus van der Velden and Enrique Cepero for their comments.
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