Identification of genes differentially expressed between gastric cancers and normal gastric mucosa with cDNA microarrays
Introduction
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Gastric cancer, in general, is resistant to chemo- and radiation therapy. Surgery remains the only curative treatment. Analysis of genes whose alteration leads to gastric cancer is essential for understanding and development of therapeutics for gastric cancer. So far, only a few genes have been associated with gastric carcinogenesis. These include c-met, c-erbB2, K-sam, and E-cadherin [1], [2], [3]. Microarray technologies have emerged as key tools for genomic expression analysis for the purpose of studying disease states, identifying drug targets, and profiling time-, tissue- or stage-dependent changes [4], [5]. Identification and characterization of genes that are differentially expressed in gastric cancers compared with their corresponding mucosa tissues is a prerequisite not only for diagnosis but also for development of anticancer drugs. With the advent of current cDNA microarray, we can examine expression profiles of various cancer tissues simultaneously on a genomic scale.
In this study, we exploited cDNA microarray analysis to identify genes that are differentially expressed in gastric cancer tissues compared with surrounding gastric mucosa tissues. We also identified genes that are associated with clinical phenotypes of patients.
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Tissues
Gastric cancer tissues were obtained with informed consent from patients who underwent surgical operation at Seoul National University Hospital (Seoul, South Korea). Cancerous and their surrounding gastric mucosa tissues were obtained from same patients, and were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Histological grading of gastric cancer tissues was decided according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Tumor content of each gastric cancer tissue ranges between 60 and 70%
Identification of genes that are differentially expressed in gastric cancer tissues compared with surrounding gastric mucosa tissues
We wanted to identify genes that are associated with gastric cancer. For this, we performed cDNA microarray analysis of 2400 genes to determine genes that are differentially expressed in gastric cancer tissues compared with surrounding gastric mucosa tissues. Table 1 describes the list of gastric cancer tissues. Gastric cancer tissues were obtained from 22 patients who underwent surgical resection. Significant numbers of these tissues are diffuse and poorly differentiated types. We carried out
Discussion
The incidence of gastric cancer has recently declined. However, it is still one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths in Asian countries. The molecular mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis is not well understood because of lack of sufficient information on genetic alterations leading to gastric carcinogenesis. Through cDNA microarray analysis, we identified genes that are differentially expressed in gastric cancer tissues compared with their surrounding gastric mucosa tissues.
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The first two authors contributed equally to this paper.