Table 2

Summary of crucial studies on lactylation targeting therapy in glioma

Target	Study	STAGE	Key findings
GLUT1	Li et al.¹⁸	Pre-clinical	Dual-regulation thermogels that inhibit lactate excretion and block PD-1/PD-L1 significantly enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy for glioblastoma.
HK2	Agnihotri et al.¹⁹	Phase 0/1 trial (NCT03763396)	Ketoconazole and posaconazole suppress GBM cell proliferation by decreasing glycolysis activity.
PKM2	Li et al.⁷	Pre-clinical	D34-919, a novel inhibitor of PKM2, reverses glycolysis reprogramming, decreases XRCC1 lactylation levels, and sensitizes glioblastoma to chemo-radiotherapy.
LDHA	Sun et al.¹²	Pre-clinical	Inhibition of LDHA by oxamate diminishes the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and enhances CAR-T cell therapy efficacy against glioblastoma.