Drug delivery of OVs by liposomes, polymers, and albumin
| Oncolytic virus | Main NPs ingredient(s) | Therapeutic efficacy |
|---|---|---|
| Adenovirus | Liposome | Decreased production of adenovirus neutralizing antibodies (AdNAbs) |
| Adenovirus | DOTAP/DOPE | Improved antitumor effect |
| HSV | Liposome | Ready transfection into cultured cells; efficient production of infectious viruses; improved in vivo transduction efficiency |
| Reovirus | Cationic lipid | Promotion of reovirus delivery to the cytoplasmic matrix |
| M1 | Soybean lecithin lipid | Blocking of viral immunogenicity; enhanced killing effect |
| Adenovirus | Anionic lipid | Enhanced transfection efficiency |
| Newcastle disease virus | iRGD lipid | Significant lysis of tumor and endothelial cells; significant promotion of antitumor immunity; significant inhibition of tumor neovascularization; reversal of the tumor suppressor microenvironment |
| Adenovirus | High molecular weight PEG (20–35 kDa) | Decreased liver accumulation |
| Adenovirus | PEG | Elevated resistance to inactivation by Ad-specific neutralizing antibodies (NABs); attenuation of the induction of innate antiviral immune responses |
| Vaccinia virus | PLGA | Appropriate inhibition of the growth of tumor volume |
| Adenovirus | ABPs | Markedly improved transduction efficiency of Ads |
| Adenovirus | CD | Markedly enhanced pathological effects in a dose-dependent manner |
| Adenovirus | pHPMA | Enhanced transduction; Prevention of hepatic sequestration of intravenously administered Ads |
| AAV | pHPMA | Enhanced protection against neutralizing antisera |
| Adenovirus | PEI | Elevated transduction efficiency; increased effectiveness of cancer cell killing |
| Adenovirus | PEI;PEG | Enhanced transduction efficiency; improved anti-tumor effect |
| Measles virus | PEI | Enhanced oncolytic activity |
| Adenovirus | Galactosylated polymers | Minimized adverse effects |
| Vaccinia virus | Amphiphilic polymer | Effective and significant decrease in the binding of anti-VV neutralizing antibodies |
| Adenovirus | PCDP | Accumulation and efficient replication in tumor tissues; improved anti-tumor effect |
| Adenovirus | PEG-b-PHF | Improved anti-tumor effect |
| Adenovirus | PPCBA | Enhanced pH sensitivity; improved release of enveloped OVs in the intracellular compartment of cancer cells |
| Adenovirus | Chitosan-PEG-FA | Diminished immune response; increased relative plasma circulating half-life; decreased hepatic accumulation (378-fold) |
| Adenovirus | PAMAM | Decreased immunogenicity during circulation; enhanced Ad circulation time |
| Adenovirus | Albumin-binding domain (ABD) | Protection of the viral capsid to overcome pre-existing NABs |
| Adenovirus | Albumin-binding domain (ABD) | Induction of 450-fold greater cytotoxicity in tumor cells than normal cells; decreased systemic toxicity; improved tumor targeting; NAB escape |