Table 1

Overview the roles of lncRNAs in regulating PD-L1 expression

LncRNA	Cancer types	Regulated targets	Mechanisms	Reference
MALAT1	DLBCL	miR-195	MALAT1 sponges miR-195 to promote PD-L1 expression	⁷
EMX2OS	OC	miR-654	EMX2OS interacts with miR-654 to increase PD-L1 expression	⁷
MIR17HG	CRC	miR-375	MIR17HG induces PD-L1 expression via sponging miR-375	⁷
GATA3-AS1	BC	miR-676-3p/COPS5	GATA3-AS1 increases PD-L1 expression by regulating the miR-676-3p/COPS5 pathway	⁷
KCNQ1OT1	PC	miR-15a	KCNQ1OT1 activates PD-L1 expression through binding to and inactivating miR-15a	⁷
MALAT1	LAD	miR-200a-3p	MALAT1 increases PD-L1 expression by sponging miR-200a-3p	⁷
FGD5-AS1	LAD	miR-142	LncRNA FGD5-AS1 acts as a sponge of miR-142 to regulate PD-L1 expression	⁷
LINC00473	PC	miR-195-5p	LINC00473 enhances PD-L1 expression by binding to miR-195-5p	⁷
KCNQ1OT1	HCC	miR-506	KCNQ1OT1 interacts with miR-506 to promote PD-L1 expression	⁷
PCED1B-AS1	HCC	miR-194-5p	PCED1B-AS1 enhances PD-L1 expression through binding to miR-194-5p	⁷
Lnc-OC1	EC	miR-34a	Lnc-OC1 enhances PD-L1 expression by sponging miR-34a	⁷
MEG3	EC	miR-216a	MEG3 upregulates PD-L1 expression by targeting miR-216a	⁷
SNHG15	GC	miR-141	SNHG15 increases PD-L1 expression by targeting miR-141	⁷
HIF1A-AS2	GC	miR-429	HIF1A-AS2 contributes PD-L1 expression through binding to miR-429	⁷
NUTM2A-AS1	GC	miR-376a	NUTM2A-AS1 enhances PD-L1 expression by sponging miR-376a	⁷
CASC11	HCC	NF-κB	CASC11 activates NF-κB to further increase PD-L1 expression	⁸
XIST	HCC	miR-194-5p/miR-155-5p	XIST promotes PD-L1 expression via targeting miR-194-5p and miR-155-5p	⁸
PMSB8-AS1	PC	STAT1	PMSB8-AS1 increases STAT1 expression to further promote PD-L1 expression	⁸
NKX2-1-AS1	LAD	NKX2-1	NKX2-1-AS1 inhibits PD-L1 expression through modulating NKX2-1 expression	⁸
ZFPM2-AS1	LAD	JAK-STAT/AKT	ZFPM2-AS1 increases PD-L1 expression via regulating JAK-STAT/AKT pathways	⁸
LncAMPC	PC	miR-637	LncAMPC acts as a sponge of miR-637 to regulate PD-L1 expression	⁸
INCR1	Thy	HNRNPH1	Binding between INCR1 and HNRNPH1 suppresses PD-L1 expression	⁸
LncMX1-215	HNSCC	GCN5	LncMX1-215 negatively regulates PD-L1 expression by suppressing H3K27 acetylation via binding to GCN5	⁸
AFAP1-AS1	NPC	miR-519	AFAP1-AS1 upregulates PD-L1 expression via directly targeting miR-519	⁸
SNHG20	ESCC	ATM/JAK	SNHG20 regulates PD-L1 expression through modulation of the ATM/JAK pathway	⁸
UCA1	ATC	miR-148a	UCA1 interacts with miR-148a to promote PD-L1 expression	⁸

DLBCL, diffuse large B cell lymphoma; OC, ovarian cancer; EC, endometrial cancer; GC, gastric cancer; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; PC, pancreatic cancer; LAD, lung adenocarcinoma; BC, breast cancer; Thy, thymoma; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma; ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; ATC, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma; CRC, colorectal cancer.