Table 3

Research on early GC diagnosis biomarkers from omics data

Omics levelSample categoryBiomarkersPerformance index odds ratio (95% confidence interval)Refs
CellularTissue samplesKLK10N/A33
MolecularTissue samplesSomatic TP53 mutationSix positive among 9 EGC-coexisting HG-IEN lesions72
MolecularTissue samplesSomatic TP53 mutationN/A73
MolecularTissue samplesCDH17N/A74
MolecularTissue samplesmiR-30
miR-194		N/A77
MolecularTissue samplesmiR-143-3pN/A78
MolecularTissue samplesAPOA1BP
PGC
HPX
DDT		IM/LGIN vs. SG/CAG
APOA1BP: 0.71(0.45–1.11)
PGC: 0.33(0.19–0.57)
HPX: 1.45(0.69–3.05)
DDT: 0.71(0.45–1.11)		79
MolecularPlasma samplesSn-2 LysoPC(20:3)
Sn-1 LysoPC(18:3)
α-Linolenic acid
Linoleic acid
Palmitic acid
Arachidonic acid		IM/LGIN vs. SG/CAG
Sn-2 LysoPC(20:3): 1.31 (0.93–1.87)
Sn-1 LysoPC(18:3): 1.26 (0.90–1.77)
α-Linolenic acid: 1.09 (0.78–1.53)
Linoleic acid: 1.12 (0.80–1.56)
Palmitic acid: 1.23 (0.89–1.71)
Arachidonic acid: 1.35 (0.98–1.88)		80
MolecularPlasma samplesPC38:6(20:4)
PC38:5(20:4)
PA32:1
LPI18:0
LPI20:4
FFA20:4
FFA18:3
FFA18:0
LysoPC18:3
LysoPC20:4
PC34:3		GC vs. IM/LGIN
PC38:6(20:4): 0.61
PC38:5(20:4): 0.74
PA32:1: 0.50
LPI18:0: 0.58
LPI20:4: 0.13
FFA20:4: 0.50
FFA18:3: 0.50
FFA18:0: 0.58
LysoPC18:3: 0.31
LysoPC20:4: 0.17
PC34:3: 0.60		81
MolecularTongue-coating samplesCampylobacter concisusN/A20
MolecularTissue samplesFBXW7 mutation4.7% in gastric biopsies50
MolecularTissue samplesRNF43 mutation35.2% in EGC-adenomas82