Various markers for prostate cancer stem cells and methods of enrichment/analysis
| Stemness marker | Method of enrichment/analysis | Effect | Stemness marker in other cancer | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD44 | FACS, MACS, sphere formation assay, immunofluorescence microscopy, IHC | Tumor progression Self-renewal ability Expression of stemness genes Metastasis | Colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancer | 180 181 182 19 |
| CD133 | FACS, MACS, sphere formation assay, immunofluorescence microscopy, IHC | Tumor progression Self-renewal ability Expression of stemness genes | Brain cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer | 180 181 182 |
| CD117/c-kit | FACS, MACS, sphere formation assay, immunofluorescence microscopy, IHC | Tumor progression Metastasis Recurrence and therapeutic resistance | Gastrointestinal stromal cancer, melanoma, small cell lung carcinoma, leukemia | 183 184 183 |
| α2β1 integrin | FACS, MACS, sphere formation assay, immunofluorescence microscopy, IHC | Tumor progression Self-renewal ability Recurrence and therapeutic resistance | Colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer | 185 186 185 |
| α6 integrin | FACS, MACS, sphere formation assay, immunofluorescence microscopy, IHC | Tumor progression Self-renewal ability Recurrence and therapeutic resistance | Glioblastoma | 185 181 185 |
| CXCR4 | FACS, sphere formation assay, immunofluorescence microscopy, IHC | Tumor progression Self-renewal ability Recurrence and therapeutic resistance Metastasis | Leukemia, brain cancer, breast cancer, retinoblastoma, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer | 187 188 189 |
| CD166 | FACS, MACS, sphere formation assay, immunofluorescence microscopy, IHC | Tumor progression Self-renewal ability Recurrence and therapeutic resistance | Bladder cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma | 190 190 190 |
| ABCG2 | Immunoblotting, qPCR | Recurrence and therapeutic resistance | Pancreatic cancer, melanoma, glioma | 191 |
| ALDH1 | FACS | Tumor progression Self-renewal ability Recurrence and therapeutic resistance Expression of stemness genes | Liver cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer | 192 192 193 193 |
| EZH2 | Immunoblotting, qPCR | Tumor progression Metastasis Recurrence and therapeutic resistance Expression of stemness genes | Breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma, colorectal cancer, leukemia, hepatocarcinoma | 194 195 196 194 |
| Trop2 | FACS, MACS, sphere formation assay, immunofluorescence microscopy, IHC | Tumor progression Self-renewal ability | Pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer | 197 198 |
| PSA | Gene reporter system-based FACS, immunofluorescence microscopy | Tumor progression Self-renewal ability Recurrence and therapeutic resistance Expression of stemness genes | - | 35 35 35 199 |