Nanomedicine-based combination therapies for overcoming GBM drug resistance
| Type | Formulations | Payloads | Mechanism | Cell lines | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combination drug therapy | Acetal-grated dextran; GBM cell membrane | TMZ; CDDP | Alleviating DNA damage repair | U87MG; U251-TR | 53 |
| Combination drug therapy | MPC nanocapsule | Inherbin3; cMBP | Alleviating DNA damage repair | U87MGR | 57 |
| Combination drug therapy | ApoE-functionalized liposomal nanoparticles | ARTPC; TMZ | Alleviating DNA damage repair | U251-TR | 59 |
| Combination drug therapy | Re-assembled exosomes | DHT; TMZ | Inhibiting drug efflux and DNA repair damage | GL261 | 62 |
| Combination drug therapy | Transferrin-functionalized PEGylated nanoparticles | JQ1; TMZ | Regulating the DNA damage response | U87MG; GL261 | 64 |
| Combination drug therapy | B19 aptamer-conjugated dendrimer nanoparticles | PTX; TMZ | Inducing GSCs apoptosis | U87 stem cells | 65 |
| Combination drug therapy | Gold nanoparticles | HCQ; DOX | Inhibiting cytoprotective autophagy | C6 | 68 |
| Chemotherapy-gene therapy | Liposome-based nanoparticles | siMGMT; TMZ | Alleviating DNA damage repair | U87MG | 69 |
| Chemotherapy-gene therapy | Polymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles | siMGMT; TMZ | Alleviating DNA damage repair | GBM6 | 70 |
| Chemotherapy-gene therapy | BMSC exosomes | siSTAT3; TMZ | Alleviating DNA damage repair | U251-TR | 73 |
| Chemotherapy-gene therapy | Liposome and macrophage exosomes | si-c-Myc; si-mTOR; TMZ | Inhibiting GSC proliferation | U87; GC-4 | 76 |
| Chemotherapy-gene therapy | PEI wrapped spherical nucleic acid nanoparticles | si Gli1; TMZ | Inhibiting self-renewal capacity of GSCs | U87MG | 78 |
| Chemotherapy-gene therapy | Mesoporous silica nanoparticles | R8-PNA; TMZ | miR221 downregulation | T98G | 79 |
| Chemotherapy-gene therapy | Polymer-based nanoparticles | DOX; miR-125b | Aggravating DNA damage | U251 | 80 |
| Chemotherapy-gene therapy | Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles | pCas9; MGMT | Alleviating DNA damage repair | T98G | 81 |
| Chemo-phototherapy | Pluronic P85/F127 nanoparticles | VP; TMZ | Circumventing drug resistance pathways | U87MG | 86 |
| Chemo-phototherapy | Polymer-based nanoparticles | VP; PTX | Circumventing drug resistance pathways | U87MG | 87 |
| Chemo-phototherapy | Gold nanoparticles | TMZ | Activating p53 and alleviating DNA damage repair | T98G | 88 |
| Chemo-phototherapy; HBO | Porous silicon nanoparticles | TMZ | Relieving the hypoxic microenvironment | C6 | 89 |
| Chemo-phototherapy | Liposome-based nanoparticles | DCHB; TMZ-C18 | Circumventing drug resistance pathways | U87MG | 90 |
| Chemo-immunotherapy | Lipid polymer nanoparticle | siPD-L1; TMZ | Reversing the tumor suppressive microenvironment; alleviating DNA damage repair | C6/TR | 91 |
| Chemo-immunotherapy | MnO2 nanoparticles; PEG-PAE | TMZ | Reversing the tumor suppressive microenvironment; relieving the hypoxic microenvironment | G422 | 92 |
| Chemo-chemodynamic therapy | iRGD-modified polymeric micelles | TMZ; MnO | Relieving the hypoxic microenvironment | C6 | 93 |
| Chemo-sonodynamic therapy | Gold nanoparticles | RA; TMZ | Inducing CSCs differentiation | U87MG | 95 |