Patient demographics and disease characteristics of patients with MM
| Characteristics | No. of patients (%) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-ASCT | ASCT | Total | ||
| Median age [range], years | 58 [26, 81] | 50 [32, 67] | 57 [26, 81] | < 0.001 |
| Age group at diagnosis, years | < 0.001 | |||
| ≤ 65 | 275 (82.1) | 115 (96.6) | 390 (85.9) | |
| > 65 | 60 (17.9) | 4 (3.4) | 64 (14.1) | |
| Gender | 0.302 | |||
| Female | 142 (42.4) | 44 (37.0) | 186 (41.0) | |
| Male | 193 (57.6) | 75 (63.0) | 268 (59.0) | |
| M-component | 0.155 | |||
| IgG | 155 (46.3) | 54 (45.4) | 209 (46.0) | |
| IgA | 76 (22.7) | 21 (17.6) | 97 (21.4) | |
| IgD | 18 (5.4) | 14 (11.8) | 32 (7.0) | |
| Light chain | 76 (22.7) | 25 (21.0) | 101 (22.2) | |
| Other | 10 (3.0) | 5 (4.2) | 15 (3.3) | |
| LDH | 0.118 | |||
| Normal | 273 (81.5) | 89 (74.8) | 362 (79.7) | |
| Elevated | 62 (18.5) | 30 (25.2) | 92 (20.3) | |
| ISS stage | 0.009 | |||
| I | 63 (19.1) | 36 (31.0) | 99 (22.2) | |
| II | 120 (36.4) | 44 (37.9) | 164 (36.8) | |
| III | 147 (44.5) | 36 (31.0) | 183 (41.0) | |
| R-ISS stage | < 0.001 | |||
| I | 7 (3.5) | 14 (16.9) | 21 (7.4) | |
| II | 156 (77.2) | 56 (67.5) | 212 (74.4) | |
| III | 39 (19.3) | 13 (15.7) | 52 (18.2) | |
| Extra-medullary disease | 0.780 | |||
| Yes | 63 (18.8) | 21 (17.6) | 84 (18.5) | |
| No | 272 (81.2) | 98 (82.4) | 370 (81.5) | |
| Induction regimen | ||||
| PI-based | 203 (60.6) | 88 (73.9) | 291 (64.1) | 0.050 |
| IMiD-based | 52 (15.5) | 10 (8.4) | 62 (13.7) | |
| PI+IMiD-based | 19 (5.7) | 13 (10.9) | 32 (7.0) | |
| Conventional | 61 (18.2) | 8 (6.7) | 69 (15.2) | |
| lq21+ | 0.759 | |||
| Positive | 66 (51.6) | 29 (49.2) | 95 (50.8) | |
| Negative | 62 (48.4) | 30 (50.8) | 92 (49.2) | |
| Del(17p13) | 0.496 | |||
| Positive | 12 (9.4) | 4 (6.5) | 16 (8.4) | |
| Negative | 116 (90.6) | 58 (93.5) | 174 (91.6) | |
| Del(13q14) | 0.246 | |||
| Positive | 64 (50.0) | 25 (41.0) | 89 (47.1) | |
| Negative | 64 (50.0) | 36 (59.0) | 100 (52.9) | |
| t(4;14) | 0.056 | |||
| Positive | 26 (35.1) | 7 (17.9) | 33 (29.2) | |
| Negative | 48 (64.9) | 32 (82.1) | 80 (70.8) | |
| t(11;14) | 0.141 | |||
| Positive | 20 (27.4) | 16 (41.0) | 36 (32.1) | |
| Negative | 53 (72.6) | 23 (59.0) | 76 (67.9) | |
| t(14;16) | 0.645 | |||
| Positive | 4 (5.5) | 3 (7.7) | 7 (6.2) | |
| Negative | 69 (94.5) | 36 (92.3) | 105 (93.8) | |
| Cytogenetics† | 0.415 | |||
| High risk | 36 (30.0) | 14 (24.1) | 50 (28.1) | |
| Standard risk | 84 (70.0) | 44 (75.9) | 128 (71.9) | |
ASCT, autologous stem cell transplantation; IgH, immunoglobulin heavy chain; IMiD, immunomodulatory drug; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MM, multiple myeloma; PI, proteasome inhibitor; ISS, International Staging System; R-ISS, Revised-International Staging System. †High-risk cytogenetics was defined by the presence of t(4;14), t(14;16), or del(17p13). Standard risk cytogenetics was defined as the absence of these abnormalities.