Table 1

Ongoing clinical trials involving immunotherapy combinations for neuroendocrine tumors

Clinical trials	Phase	N	Line	Population	Regimen
NCT03980925	II	38	First-line	Metastatic SCLCs or poorly differentiated NECs	Nivolumab + etoposide + carboplatin
NCT03901378	II	/	First-line or second-line	Metastatic or unresectable recurrent LCNECs or GEP-NECs	Pembrolizumab + platinum + etoposide
NCT05058651	II/III	189	First-line	Extrapulmonary poorly differentiated, small cell NECs.	Atezolizumab + cisplatin/carboplatin + etoposide
NCT03591731	II	185	First-line or second-line	Metastatic or unresectable recurrent LCNEC or GEP-NECs	Nivolumab + ipilimumab
NCT04079712	II	30	≥Second-line	Advanced NECs, after the failure of at least one line of prior therapy.	Nivolumab + ipilimumab + cabozantinib
NCT04197310	II	35	First-line	Locally unresectable or metastatic nonpancreatic WD-NETs	Nivolumab + cabozantinib
NCT04400474	II	144	≥Second-line	Advanced and progressive neoplasms of the endocrine system	Cabozantinib + atezolizumab
NCT04579757	Ib/II	120	≥Second-line	Advanced solid tumors including low/moderate thoracogenic NETs	Surufatinib+ tislelizumab
NCT04525638	II	30	First-line or second-line	Advanced/metastatic, well-differentiated grade 3 NETs or NECs of the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, lung and unknown primary site.	Nivolumab + 177Lu-DOTATATE
NCT02554812 (JAVELIN Medley)	Ib/II	398	First-line or second-line	Locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors including advanced/metastatic SCLCs	Utomilumab + avelumab
NCT03126110	I/II	145	≥Second-line	Advanced or metastatic malignancies including NETs	INCAGN01876 + nivolumab + ipilimumab
NCT03241173	I/II	52	≥Second-line	Advanced or metastatic malignancies including NETs	INCAGN01949 + nivolumab, ipilimumab, or both
NCT03026166	I/II	42	≥Second-line	SCLCs	Rova-T + nivolumab or nivolumab + ipilimumab
NCT04192682	II	40	≥Second-line	SCLCs	Anlotinib + sintilimab
NCT03575793	I/II	55	≥Second-line	Recurrent SCLCs	Plinabulin + nivolumab + ipilimumab
NCT03071406	II	50	≥Second-line	Metastatic MCCs	Nivolumab + ipilimumab ± SBRT
NCT03304639	II	100	First-line or second-line	Metastatic MCCs	Nivolumab + pembrolizumab or radiation therapy
NCT04261855	I/II	65	First-line	Metastatic MCCs	Avelumab + external beam radiation therapy or 177-Lu-DOTATATE
NCT02643303	I/II	58	Any number of prior systemic therapies	Metastatic MCCs	Tremelimumab + durvalumab + polyICLC

NETs, neuroendocrine tumors. NECs, neuroendocrine carcinomas. NENs, neuroendocrine neoplasms. WD, well differentiated. GEP, gastro-entero-pancreatic. SCLCs, small cell lung cancers. MCC, Merkel cell carcinoma. LCNEC, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. N, number of patients expected or actually enrolled.