Table 4

Univariate and multivariate cox proportional-hazards models for glioblastomas

Variable	Hazard ratio (95% CI)
	Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype		Glioblastoma, IDH-mutant
	Univariate	Multivariate	Univariate	Multivariate
Age at diagnosis¹	1.018 (1.007–1.03)^†	1.012 (0.999–1.025)	1.012 (0.985–1.041)
Sex
Female	Reference		Reference
Male	1.052 (0.794–1.393)		1.208 (0.584–2.499)
MGMT
Unmethylated	Reference		Reference
Methylated	0.938 (0.706–1.246)		0.858 (0.424–1.739)
KPS_PRE²	0.987 (0.967–1.007)		0.96 (0.908–1.015)
KPS_POST³	0.962 (0.949–0.975)^†	0.975 (0.959–0.991)^*	0.965 (0.934–0.998)^†
Resection rate
Total resection	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Subtotal resection	2.269 (1.646–3.127)^†	2.074 (1.468–2.929)^*	1.814 (0.804–4.093)	1.771 (0.726–4.319)
Major partial resection	7.259 (4.677–11.267)^†	5.598 (3.469–9.033)^*	30.002 (6.037–149.107)^†	66.577 (9.7–456.942)^*
Partial resection	84.175 (41.344–171.378)^†	76.094 (30.649–188.918)^*	99.335 (20.047–492.219)^†	361.066 (37.041–3519.607)^*
Radiotherapy
Not received	Reference		Reference
Received	0.582 (0.396–0.854)^†		0.771 (0.315–1.888)
Chemotherapy
Not received	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Received	0.297 (0.198–0.447)^†	0.42 (0.271–0.652)^*	0.279 (0.113–0.691)^†	0.309 (0.115–0.829)^*

¹The hazard ratio is for each 1-yr increase in age. ²The hazard ratio is for each 1 point increase in KPS score. ³The hazard ratio is for each 1 point increase in KPS score. ^†The P value of the hazard ratio was less than 0.1 for the univariate Cox models and included in the multivariate Cox model.^*The hazard ratio was significant (P < 0.05).