Table 3

Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models for low grade gliomas

Variable	Hazard ratio (95% CI)
	LGG, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted		LGG, IDH-mutant		LGG, IDH-wildtype
	Univariate	Multivariate	Univariate	Multivariate	Univariate	Multivariate
Age at diagnosis¹	1.069 (0.998–1.144)^†	1.378 (1.08–1.759)^*	0.984 (0.948–1.021)		1.026 (1.007–1.045)^†
Sex
Female	Reference		Reference		Reference
Male	0.702 (0.175–2.811)		1.331 (0.684–2.591)		1.598 (0.867–2.944)
Histological grade²	5.84 (0.713–47.86)^†	48.808 (1.193–1997.239)^*	3.902 (1.789–8.51)^†	2.659 (1.195–5.918)^*	3.776 (1.808–7.887)	6.024 (2.311–15.702)^*
MGMT
Unmethylated	Reference		Reference		Reference
Methylated	2.657 (0.318–22.229)		0.566 (0.284–1.125)		0.376 (0.194–0.729)^†
KPS_PRE³	0.991 (0.885–1.109)		0.98 (0.922–1.041)		0.971 (0.931–1.013)
KPS_POST⁴	0.925 (0.869–0.986)^†		0.933 (0.903–0.964)^†	0.956 (0.925–0.988)^*	0.944 (0.92–0.969)^†	0.949 (0.906–0.994)^*
Resection rate
Total resection	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Subtotal resection	4.68 (0.424–51.663)	24.532 (0.522–1153.043)	2.083 (0.911–4.765)^†	1.707 (0.724–4.025)	6.022 (1.368–26.507)^†	11.326 (1.407–91.164)^*
Major partial resection	147.156 (13.035–1661.254)^†	4288.619 (17.419–1.056^10⁶)^*	21.3 (8.518–53.262)^†	13.381 (5.079–35.251)^*	28.795 (6.524–127.102)^†	46.648 (5.71–381.063)^*
Partial resection	251.105 (17.041–3700.168)^†	615281.86 (102.016–3.711^10⁹)^*	253.199 (43.115–1486.938)^†	120.991 (17.383–842.133)^*	42.932 (9.598–192.039)^†	100.392 (11.692–861.985)^*
Radiotherapy
Not received	Reference		Reference		Reference
Received	1.386 (0.279–6.894)		1.1 (0.459–2.636)		1.292 (0.616–2.708)
Chemotherapy
Not received	Reference		Reference		Reference
Received	1.585 (0.318–7.902)		0.748 (0.373–1.503)		2.011 (0.924–4.373)^†

¹The hazard ratio is for each 1-yr increase in age. ²The hazard ratio is for each 1 grade increase in WHO grade. ³The hazard ratio is for each 1 point increase in KPS score. ⁴The hazard ratio is for each 1 point increase in KPS score. ^†The P value of the hazard ratio was less than 0.1 for the univariate Cox models and included in the multivariate Cox model. ^*The hazard ratio was significant (P < 0.05).