Table 2

Associations between gastric cancer and alcohol consumption status, and the duration, frequency, and amount of ethanol consumed

Variables	Men (n = 42,152)							Variables	Women (n = 86,066)
Variables	n	Person-years	GC	(%)	HR^†	95% CI		Variables	n	Person-years	GC	(%)	HR^†	95% CI
Status								Status
Non-drinker	8,968	77,924	87	(1.0)	1.00	Ref		Non-drinker	58,825	515,102	283	(0.5)	1.00	Ref
Drinker	33,184	287,973	375	(1.1)	1.31	1.03	1.66	Drinker	27,241	235,840	102	(0.4)	1.00	0.79	1.26
Duration								Duration
Non-drinker	8,968	77,924	87	1.0	1.00	Ref		Non-drinker	58,825	515,102	283	0.5	1.00	Ref
≤20 years	7,718	67,077	59	0.8	1.39	0.99	1.97	≤10 years	3,448	31,250	15	0.4	1.12	0.66	1.89
>20 years	24,782	214,205	311	1.3	1.32	1.03	1.68	>10 years	22,331	189,090	82	0.4	1.01	0.78	1.30
P trend					0.03			P trend					0.93
Frequency								Frequency
Non-drinker	8,968	77,924	87	(1.0)	1.00	Ref		Non-drinker	58,825	515,102	283	(0.5)	1.00	Ref
≤1 time/week	9,856	85,099	113	(1.2)	1.32	1.00	1.75	<1 time/week	7,467	63,972	27	(0.4)	0.94	0.63	1.39
2–3 times/week	11,148	96,494	111	(1.0)	1.19	0.89	1.58	1 time/week	11,746	101,817	47	(0.4)	1.09	0.80	1.50
4 times/week	7,056	60,619	78	(1.1)	1.35	0.99	1.85	≥2 times/week	6,817	57,811	22	(0.3)	0.94	0.60	1.45
≥5 times/week	4,194	36,152	64	(1.5)	1.62	1.17	2.25	P trend					0.41
P trend					0.02
Amount of ethanol^‡								Amount of ethanol^‡
Non-drinker	8,968	77,924	87	(1.0)	1.00	Ref		Non-drinker	58,825	515,102	283	(0.5)	1.00	Ref
<10 g/week	14,373	123,873	159	(1.1)	1.25	0.96	1.63	<10 g/week	7,990	68,661	32	(0.4)	1.00	0.69	1.44
10–30 g/week	10,315	89,243	118	(1.1)	1.37	1.03	1.83	10–20 g/week	8,972	77,883	36	(0.4)	1.09	0.77	1.56
>30 g/week	7,602	65,621	91	(1.2)	1.47	1.08	1.99	>20 g/week	9,086	77,215	28	(0.3)	0.92	0.62	1.37
P trend					0.03			P trend					0.49
Continuous, per 1 SD					1.00	1.00	1.00	Continuous, per 1 SD					0.87	0.65	1.17

GC, gastric cancer; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard drink.

^†Adjusted for education, smoking status, marital status, family history of gastric cancer, exercise, BMI, and total energy intake.

^‡Amount of ethanol refers to the amount of pure alcohol found in all alcohol beverages consumed by study participants, converted to grams per week.