Table 1

Clinical characteristics of patients with multiple brain metastases treated with surgery or SRS before propensity score matching

Characteristics	Cases	Treatment		χ²	P
Characteristics	Cases	CK, n	Surgery, n	χ²	P
Age, years				2.063	0.103
≤ 65	209	186	23
> 65	70	67	3^a
Gender				0.854	0.355
Female	121	107	14
Male	158	146	12
Primary cancer				1.839	0.607
Non-small cell lung cancer	172	158	14
Small cell lung cancer	25	21	4^a
Breast cancer	45	40	5
Other	37	34	3^a
KPS				3.598	0.034*
< 70	40	40	0^a
≥ 70	239	213	26
Metastasis outside CNS				6.485	0.011*
None	84	70	14
Yes	195	183	12
No. of metastases				2.476	0.386
2	199	177	22
3	60	57	3^a
4	20	19	1^a
Prior WBRT				3.214	0.073
Yes	127	120	7
None	152	133	19
RPA class				9.013	0.011*
1	56	46	10
2	183	167	16
3	40	40	0^a
Neurological function				11.888	0.036*
Headache	96	85	11
Motor weakness	61	53	8
Speech	12	10	2^a
Vision loss	17	12	5
Other	14	12	2^a
Normal	99	95	4^a
Site				15.595	0.016*
Frontal lobe	142	122	20
Parietal lobe	121	111	10
Temporal lobe	103	96	7
Occipital lobe	95	84	11
Cerebellum	104	95	9
Thalamus	80	80	0^a
Brainstem	13	13	0^a
Time to BM, months				1.215	0.271
≤ 12	127	112	15
> 12	152	141	11

^aFisher’s test was used when n < 5; *P < 0.05.