The type and definition of nutritional intervention regimens
Intervening regimen | Definition | Reference |
|---|---|---|
Intermittent energy restriction | Restricting energy intake to 60%–75% below energy requirements for short periods, followed by periods with normal energy intake [e.g., the 5:2 diet (consisting of 5 days of libitum feeding and 2 days of a very-low-calorie diet per week)] | 1 |
Short-term intermittent fasting | Temporarily fasting (water only), typically for a period between 24 and 48 h | 1 |
Fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) | A plant based, calorie-restricted, low sugar, low protein, and high-fat dietary composition administered cyclically and alternated with refeeding periods sufficient to prevent or minimize lean body mass loss | 2 |
Calorie restriction (CR) | A dietary strategy usually based on decreasing the calorie intake (about 20%–40% of the ad libitum diet) without challenging the intake of essential nutrients | 3 |
Ketogenic diet | An ultra-low carbohydrate diet that does not directly restrict calories or require periods of fasting. Successful generation of ketone bodies can suppress appetite and reduce plasma glucose concentrations in cancer-free individuals | 4 |
Long-term intermittent fasting | With durations between 5 and 21 days can be successfully repeated in the course of a year | 5 |