Table 1

Overview of long noncoding RNAs as competing endogenous RNAs in lung cancer

CeRNA	Target miRNA	mRNA	Expression	Key factors and pathways	Biological functions	Tumor types	CeRNA role	References
LINC01123	MiR-199a-5p	C-myc	Upregulated	–	Proliferation	NSCLC	Oncogene	²⁵
Linc00173	MiR-218	Etk	Upregulated	β-catenin signaling	Proliferation, migration-invasion	SCLC	Oncogene	²⁶
HOTAIR	MiR-214-3p	PDPK1	Upregulated	–	Growth	NSCLC	Oncogene	²⁷
TTN-AS1	MiR-142-5p	CDK5	Upregulated	EMT( TWIST1, Twist, Snail and ZEB1)	Proliferation, migration and invasion	LUAD	Oncogene	²⁸
PVT1	MiR-199a-5p	HIF1α	Upregulated	–	Migration and proliferation	NSCLC	Oncogene	²⁹
LINC00336	MIR6852	CBS	Upregulated	P53 pathway	Proliferation	NSCLC	Oncogene	³⁰
LCAT1	MiR-4715-5p	RAC1	Upregulated	–	Proliferation, migration and invasion	Lung cancer	Oncogene	³¹
TINCR	MiR-544a	FBXW7	Downregulated	–	Proliferation and invasion	Lung cancer	Suppressor	³²
NNT-AS1	MiR-129-5p	NNT-AS1	Upregulated	–	Proliferation, migration and invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	³³
UCA1	MiR-193a	HMGB1	Upregulated	–	Proliferation and migration	Lung cancer	Oncogene	³⁴
H19	MicroRNA-107	NF1	Upregulated	–	Proliferation and migration	NSCLC	Oncogene	³⁵
PVT1-5	MiR-126	SLC7A5	Upregulated	–	Proliferation	Lung cancer	Oncogene	³⁶
XLOC_008466	MiR-874	MMP2/XIAP	Upregulated	–	Proliferation, apoptosis and invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	³⁷
HOTTIP	MiR-574-5p	EZH1	Upregulated	–	Proliferation	SCLC	Oncogene	³⁸
LINC01234	MiR-140	OTUB1	Upregulated	SP1	Proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis	NSCLC	Oncogene	³⁹
LINC00858	MiR-422a	KLK4	Upregulated	–	Proliferation	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁴⁰
SNHG7	MiR-193b	FAIM2	Upregulated	E-cadherin, N-cadherin	Proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁴¹
ZEB1-AS1	MiR-409-3p	ZEB1	Upregulated	Caspase 3, Bax and Bcl-2	Proliferation, apoptosis	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁴²
MALAT1	MiR-124	STAT3	Upregulated	STAT3	Proliferation, colony formation and apoptosis	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁴³
H19	MiR-17	STAT3	Upregulated	STAT3	Growth, migration and invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁴⁴
NR2F2-AS1	MiR-320b	BMI1	Upregulated	–	Apoptosis, Proliferation and invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁴⁵
OGFRP1	MiR-124-3p-	LYPD3	Upregulated	EMT, caspase-9 and caspase-3	Proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁴⁶
PTCH1	MiR-101-3p	SLC39A6	Upregulated	Hh pathway, Vimentin, N-cadherin (CDH2)	Migration, invasion and adhesion	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁴⁷
NEAT1	MiR-377-3p	E2F3	Upregulated	P57, p21 and Bcl2	Growth, apoptosis, migration and invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁴⁸
HOXA11-AS	MiR-454-3p	Stat3	Upregulated	Cleaved-caspase-3/9, EMT (Snail, Twist)	Proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis	LUAD	Oncogene	⁴⁹
PRNCR1	MiR-448	HEY2	Upregulated	EMT	Proliferation, invasion and migration	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁵⁰
LncRNA 1308	MiR-124	ADAM 15	Upregulated	–	Proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁵¹
FLVCR1-AS1	MiR-573	E2F3	Upregulated	–	Proliferation, migration and invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁵²
LINC00641	MiR-424-5p	PLSCR4	Downregulated	–	Proliferation, apoptosis and migration	NSCLC	Suppressor	⁵³
TP73-AS1	MiR-449a	EZH2	Upregulated	–	Proliferation, growth	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁵⁴
XIST	MiR-137	PXN	Upregulated	–	Invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁵⁵
MYEOV	MiR-30c-2-3p	TGFBR2, USP15	Upregulated	TGF-β/SMAD pathway	Invasion and metastasis	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁵⁶
NEAT1	Mir-193a-3p	USF1	Upregulated	Caspase-3/7	Proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration	LUAD	Oncogene	⁵⁷
LINC00702	MiR-510	PTEN	Downregulated	PTEN pathway, AKT pathway	Proliferation, apoptosis, invasion	NSCLC	Suppressor	⁵⁸
MALAT1	MiR-200b	ZEB1, E2F3	Upregulated	EMT, TFAP2C, ZEB1, E2F3	Proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis	LUAD	Oncogene	⁵⁹
HOXD-AS1	MiR-147a	PRB	Upregulated	–	Growth, proliferation, apoptosis	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁶⁰
DANCR	MiR-138	Sox4	Upregulated	EMT	Proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁶¹
DGCR5	MiR-211-5p	EPHB6	Downregulated	–	Growth, migration and invasion	NSCLC	Suppressor	⁶²
SNHG20	MiR-154	ZEB2, RUNX2	Upregulated	–	Proliferation, migration and invasion, apoptosis, growth	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁶³
XIST	MiR-367/141	ZEB2	Upregulated	TGF-β induced EMT	Migration and invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁶⁴
LIN28B	Let-7	HMGA2	Upregulated	TGFBR3	Migration and invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁶⁵
DLX6-AS1	MiR-144	PRR11	Upregulated	–	Proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁶⁶
SBF2-AS1	MiR-338-3p/ 362-3p	E2F1	Upregulated	Cyclin D1, p21	Proliferation	LUAD	Oncogene	⁶⁷
SNHG6	MiR-26a-5p	E2F7	Upregulated	EMT	Proliferation, migration and invasion	LUAD	Oncogene	⁶⁸
Linc00668	MiR-147a	Slug	Upregulated	EMT	Proliferation, migration and invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁶⁹
DANCR	MiR-496	mTOR	Upregulated	mTOR pathway	Proliferation, migration and invasion, apoptosis, growth	LUAD	Oncogene	⁷⁰
HMMR-AS1	MiR-138	SIRT6	Upregulated	–	Apoptosis, Proliferation	LUAD	Oncogene	⁷¹
GMDS-AS1	MiR-96-5p	CYLD	Upregulated	Bax, Bcl-2 and PCNA	Proliferation, apoptosis	LUAD	Suppressor	⁷²
LINC00667	MiR-143-3p	RRM2	Downregulated	CDK2 and p-AKT	Growth, Proliferation	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁷³
Linc00673	MiR-150-5p	ZEB1	Upregulated	TGFB1/Smad, EMT (Snail, ZEB1)	Apoptosis, Proliferation, migration and invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁷⁴
SNHG1	MiR-145-5p	MTDH	Upregulated	EMT, TGF-β	Proliferation, migration and invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁷⁵
NEAT1	Let-7a	IGF-2	Upregulated	P53, p21, EMT, IGF-2 signaling pathway	Apoptosis, Proliferation, invasion and migration, growth	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁷⁶
NEAT1	MiR-377-3p	E2F3	Upregulated	P21 p57	Growth, Proliferation	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁷⁷
LINC81507	MiR-199b-5p	CAV1	Downregulated	STAT3 pathway	Proliferation, metastasis, migration and invasion	NSCLC	Suppressor	⁷⁸
NORAD	MiR-136-5p	E2F1	Upregulated	–	Proliferation	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁷⁹
MINCR	MiR-126	SLC7A5	Upregulated	–	Proliferation , migration, apoptosis, growth	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁸⁰
JPX	MiR-145-5p	Cyclin D2	Upregulated	CCND2	Proliferation, colony formation and migration	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁸¹
MEG3	MicroRNA-7-5p	BRCA1	Downregulated	Bcl-2 and Bax	Apoptosis	NSCLC	Suppressor	⁸²
NEAT1	MiR-98-5p	MAPK6	Upregulated	BCL-2 , MMP-9, MMP-2	Growth, migration and invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁸³
XIST	Let-7i	BAG-1	Upregulated	–	Apoptosis, Proliferation	LUAD	Oncogene	⁸⁴
PVT1	MiR-216b	Beclin-1	Upregulated	BCL2, Bax	Apoptosis	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁸⁵
LINC00707	MiR-145	MRP1	Upregulated	Bcl-2 and Bax	Apoptosis	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁸⁶
XIST	MiR-374a	LARP1	Upregulated	P-STAT3, cyclin D1	Proliferation, migration and invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁸⁷
LINC00485	MiR-195	CHEK1	Upregulated	Bax, Bcl-2, VEGF, HIF-1α	Proliferation, apoptosis	LUAD	Oncogene	⁸⁸
Linc00665	MiR-98	AKR1B10	Upregulated	EMT, Bcl-2, Bax, ERK, p-ERK and SP1	Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, growth	LUAD	Oncogene	⁸⁹
HOTTIP	MiR-216a	BCL-2	Upregulated	BCL-2	Apoptosis	SCLC	Oncogene	⁹⁰
XIST	MiR-449a	Bcl-2	Upregulated	PARP-1, caspase-9 and Bcl-2	Growth, apoptosis, migration and invasion	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁹¹
ZFAS1	MiR-150-5p	HMGA2	Upregulated	–	Proliferation, invasion, apoptosis	NSCLC	Oncogene	⁹²