Summary of TGF-β inhibitors as novel therapeutic targets
| Drug | Mechanism of action | Development stage | Malignancy type | Referenced summary of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AP12009 | Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide specific for the mRNA of human TGF-β2 | Phase I/II | Glioblastoma/anaplastic astrocytoma | Superior efficacy and safety for AP12009 over chemotherapy and positive risk-benefit assessment71 |
| CAT192 (lerdelimumab) | Monoclonal antibody to TGF-β1 | Preclinical | Human lung epithelial cells (A549) | An approximate median inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 3 mg/mL72 |
| GC1008 | Monoclonal antibody to TGF-β1 | Phase I | Advanced renal cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma | Safe and well tolerated73 |
| AP11014 | Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide specific for the mRNA of human TGF-β1 | Preclinical | Lung, colon, and prostate cancer cell lines | Decreased TGF-β secretion73 |
| ID11 | Monoclonal antibody to TGF-β | Preclinical | Breast cancer cell lines | Suppressed breast cancer metastases to lungs74 |