Demographic, characteristics and operational indexes of the patients
| Characteristics | Conventional group (n=97) | Modified group (n=50) | P |
| Age, years | 0.068 | ||
| <65 | 57 (58.8%) | 37 (74.0%) | |
| ≥65 | 40 (41.2%) | 13 (26.0%) | |
| Gender (male/female) | 58/39 | 30/20 | 0.981 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||
| <25 | 64 (66.0%) | 34 (68.0%) | 0.806 |
| ≥25 | 33 (34.0%) | 16 (32.0%) | |
| ALB (g/L) | |||
| <40 | 44 (45.6%) | 23 (46.0%) | 0.941 |
| ≥40 | 53 (54.4%) | 27 (54.0%) | |
| Preoperative biliary drainage | 17 (17.5%) | 21 (42.9%) | 0.001 |
| Disease | |||
| PC | 36 (37.1%) | 14 (28.0%) | 0.601 |
| DBC | 15 (15.5%) | 12 (24.0%) | |
| DC | 15 (15.5%) | 10 (20.0%) | |
| AC | 12 (12.4%) | 6 (12.0%) | |
| Others | 19 (19.6%) | 8 (16%) | |
| Operation | |||
| Pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis time, min (mean±SD) | 32±4 | 11±1 | <0.001 |
| Surgical time (min) | 0.276 | ||
| <300 | 55 (56.7%) | 33 (66.0%) | |
| ≥300 | 42 (43.3%) | 17 (34.0%) | |
| Blood loss (mL) | 0.941 | ||
| <400 | 72 (74.2%) | 37 (74.0%) | |
| ≥400 | 25 (25.8%) | 13 (26.0%) | |
| Blood transfusion, yes | 68 (70.1%) | 20 (40.0%) | <0.001 |
| Pancreatic texture | |||
| Hard | 58 (59.8%) | 25 (50.0%) | 0.257 |
| Soft | 39 (40.2%) | 25 (50.0%) | |
| MPD (mm) | |||
| <3 | 12 (12.4%) | 16 (32.0%) | 0.004 |
| ≥3 | 85 (87.6%) | 34 (68.0%) |
PC: pancreatic cancer; DBC: distal bile duct cancer; DC: duodenal carcinoma; AC: ampullary carcinoma; MPD: main pancreatic duct; BA: Blumgart anastomosis.