Current indications and contraindications for renal mass biopsy
| Indications |
| Absolute |
| Indeterminate SRM on abdominal imaging |
| Suspicious renal mass and known extrarenal malignancy |
| Incidentaloma in candidates for AS or ablative therapy |
| Suspected lymphoma |
| Confirm histologic success and monitor for recurrence following thermal ablation |
| Renal mass and febrile UTI, possible abscess |
| Metastatic renal tumor, to select optimal biologic systemic therapy |
| Unresectable retroperitoneal tumors involving the kidney |
| Relative |
| Uni-/bilateral multifocal tumors |
| Solitary kidney |
| Medically unfit |
| Emerging |
| Enhancing SRM |
| Indeterminate cystic lesions |
| Determine histologic subtype in metastatic RCC |
| Contraindications |
| Coagulopathy (uncorrected) |
| Patients who are not candidates for any type of therapy (surgery, ablation, medical therapy) given limited life expectancy |