Table 1

List of several potential anti-cancer metabolism compounds

Compound	Pathway target	Mechanism of action		Status
2-Deoxyglucose	Glycolysis	Reversibly inhibiting hexokinase		Ongoing clinical trials with promising initial data
3-Bromopyruvate	Glycolysis	Inhibiting hexokinase and other glycolytic enzymes		Preclinical
Phloretin	Glucose transport	Glucose transporter Glut 1 and Glut 4		Preclinical
Lonidamine	Glycolysis	Hexokinase		Clinical trials
3PO	Glycolysis	Inhibiting activation of PFK1 by targeting PFKFB3 (phosphofructose kinase 2)		Preclinical	Advanced Cancer Therapeutics
BPTES	Glutaminolysis	Inhibiting glutaminase 1, a glutaminolytic enzyme frequently upregulated in many tumors		Preclinical
968	Glutaminolysis	Inhibiting glutaminase 1, a glutaminolytic enzyme frequently upregulated in many tumors		Preclinical	Cornell University
IDH1/2 inhibitors	Blocking IDH1/2 altered function	Suppressing the function of mutant IDH1 and IDH2			Agios Pharmaceuticals
PKM2 inhibitors	Glycolysis	Inhibiting PKM2 function and reducing pyruvate synthesis			Agios Pharmaceuticals
PKM2 activators	Biosynthesis	Activating PKM2 to reduce glycolytic intermediates shunt to biosynthetic pathways			Agios Pharmaceuticals
Dichloroacetate	Lactate production	Blocking PDK1 activity thereby increasing PDH1 function and facilitating pyruvate-to-acetyl coA reaction to fuel TCA cycle and mitochondrial respiration		Phase I completed with promising results in glioblastoma multiforme patients
Metformin	Energy production pathways	Inhibiting mitochondrial complex I and lipid and protein synthesis, modulating glycolysis, decreasing glucose supply, insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling availability for tumor cells	Ongoing clinical trials for cancer
FX11	Lactate production	Inhibiting function of Lactate Dehydrogenase A thereby blocking lactate production in cancer		Preclinical	John Hopkins University and University of New Mexico
AZD-3965	Lactate transport	Blocking MCT1 activity, thereby inhibiting lactate transport		Clinical trials Phase I ongoing in UK	AstraZeneca
L-asparaginase	Asparagine and glutamine availability	Promote asparagine and glutamine degradation, thereby cutting the supply of these amino acids for cancer cells		Approved for usage in leukemia. Effective therapy