Table 1

Margin width and radiotherapy decision grid in DCIS

Margin statusRadiotherapy useClinical interpretation
≥ 2 mmYesOptimal balance between local control and cosmetic outcome
> 2 mmYesNo evidence that wider margins further reduce recurrence risk
< 2 mmYesRe-excision may be considered based on extent of disease, imaging findings, and surgical feasibility
Any marginNoHigher risk of ipsilateral breast events; careful patient selection required