PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Vladimir Semiglazov
AU  - Andrey Tseluiko
AU  - Asel Kudaybergenova
AU  - Anna Artemyeva
AU  - Petr Krivorotko
AU  - Roman Donskih
TI  - Immunology and immunotherapy in breast cancer
AID  - 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0597
DP  - 2022 May 15
TA  - Cancer Biology & Medicine
PG  - 609--618
VI  - 19
IP  - 5
4099  - http://www.cancerbiomed.org/content/19/5/609.short
4100  - http://www.cancerbiomed.org/content/19/5/609.full
SO  - Cancer Biology & Medicine2022 May 15; 19
AB  - Immuno-oncology is a rapidly developing field in medicine. Drug combination therapies have already been studied in many clinical trials on various tumor types. In recent years, a checkpoint inhibition therapy with monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 has been developed. Breast cancer had been examined in the field of immune-oncology relatively recently. This review focuses on clinical evidence regarding immune checkpoint inhibition for curative treatment of various breast cancer subtypes. In addition, we present the results of studies demonstrating the prognostic and predictive value of levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD4 and CD8), their quantitative ratios, and their correlation with regulatory genes (PD-1, PD-L1, and FOX-P3).