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LetterLetter
Open Access

Antibiotics and probiotics differentially shape immunotherapy outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer

Shuling Ma, Zijun Zhai, Rui Ding, Shijie Shang, Xinyi Liang, Shan Yin, Haofeng Lin, Guomeng Sha, Ran Zhang, Jinming Yu, Qian Song and Dawei Chen
Cancer Biology & Medicine May 2026, 20250844; DOI: https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2025.0844
Shuling Ma
1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
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Zijun Zhai
1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
2Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan 250000, China
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Rui Ding
1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
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Shijie Shang
1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
3Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430023, China
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Xinyi Liang
1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
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Shan Yin
1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
2Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan 250000, China
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Haofeng Lin
4Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Guomeng Sha
1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
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Ran Zhang
1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
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Jinming Yu
1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
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Qian Song
1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
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  • For correspondence: sqoxaid{at}163.com dave0505{at}yeah.net
Dawei Chen
1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
2Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan 250000, China
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  • For correspondence: sqoxaid{at}163.com dave0505{at}yeah.net
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Article Information

20250844
DOI 
https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2025.0844

Published By 
Cancer Biology & Medicine
History 
  • Received February 11, 2026
  • Accepted April 14, 2026
  • Published online May 29, 2026.

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  • You are currently viewing a previous version of this article (May 29, 2026 - 06:35).
  • View the most recent version of this article
Copyright & Usage 
Copyright: © 2026, The Authors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Author Information

Funding

  • National Natural Science Foundation of China

    82030082
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China

    82172676
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China

    82373217
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China

    82403455
  • Natural Science Foundation of Shandong

    ZR2023ZD26
  • Natural Science Foundation of Shandong

    ZR2024QH527
  • Non-communicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project, the Distinguished Young Scholars of Shandong Provincial Science Fund

    ZR2024JQ032
  • Shandong Province International Science and Technology Cooperation Project

    2025KJHZ012
  • China Postdoctoral Science Foundation

    2024M761869
  • China Postdoctoral Science Foundation

    2025T180617

This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 82030082, 82172676, 82373217, and 82403455), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong (Grant Nos. ZR2023ZD26, ZR2024QH527), Non-communicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project, the Distinguished Young Scholars of Shandong Provincial Science Fund (Grant No. ZR2024JQ032), Shandong Province International Science and Technology Cooperation Project (Grant No. 2025KJHZ012), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 2024M761869 and 2025T180617).

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Cancer Biology & Medicine: 23 (6)
Cancer Biology & Medicine
Vol. 23, Issue 6
15 Jun 2026
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Antibiotics and probiotics differentially shape immunotherapy outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer
Shuling Ma, Zijun Zhai, Rui Ding, Shijie Shang, Xinyi Liang, Shan Yin, Haofeng Lin, Guomeng Sha, Ran Zhang, Jinming Yu, Qian Song, Dawei Chen
Cancer Biology & Medicine May 2026, 20250844; DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2025.0844

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Antibiotics and probiotics differentially shape immunotherapy outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer
Shuling Ma, Zijun Zhai, Rui Ding, Shijie Shang, Xinyi Liang, Shan Yin, Haofeng Lin, Guomeng Sha, Ran Zhang, Jinming Yu, Qian Song, Dawei Chen
Cancer Biology & Medicine May 2026, 20250844; DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2025.0844
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    • Antibiotic exposure and survival outcomes
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