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Review ArticleReview
Open Access

Organoid models in oncology: advancing precision cancer therapy and vaccine development

Yuxuan Xiao, Yutao Li, Xilin Jing, Lin Weng, Xu Liu, Qingyun Liu and Kezhong Chen
Cancer Biology & Medicine August 2025, 22 (8) 903-927; DOI: https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2025.0127
Yuxuan Xiao
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
2Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
3Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU002, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Yutao Li
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
2Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
3Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU002, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Xilin Jing
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
2Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
3Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU002, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Lin Weng
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
2Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
3Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU002, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Xu Liu
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
2Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
3Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU002, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Qingyun Liu
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
2Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
3Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU002, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Kezhong Chen
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
2Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
3Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU002, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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  • ORCID record for Kezhong Chen
  • For correspondence: chenkezhong{at}pkuph.edu.cn
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Organoid models in oncology: advancing precision cancer therapy and vaccine development
Yuxuan Xiao, Yutao Li, Xilin Jing, Lin Weng, Xu Liu, Qingyun Liu, Kezhong Chen
Cancer Biology & Medicine Aug 2025, 22 (8) 903-927; DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2025.0127

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Organoid models in oncology: advancing precision cancer therapy and vaccine development
Yuxuan Xiao, Yutao Li, Xilin Jing, Lin Weng, Xu Liu, Qingyun Liu, Kezhong Chen
Cancer Biology & Medicine Aug 2025, 22 (8) 903-927; DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2025.0127
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Comparative analysis: organoids and traditional models
    • Technological integration: organoids with genomic and molecular profiling
    • Predicting targeted efficacy using PDOs
    • Predicting immunotherapy efficacy using PDOs
    • A novel direction: the application in cancer vaccine
    • Challenges and future prospects of organoid technology in clinical applications
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