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Open Access

Organoid models in oncology: advancing precision cancer therapy and vaccine development

Yuxuan Xiao, Yutao Li, Xilin Jing, Lin Weng, Xu Liu, Qingyun Liu and Kezhong Chen
Cancer Biology & Medicine August 2025, 22 (8) 903-927; DOI: https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2025.0127
Yuxuan Xiao
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
2Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
3Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU002, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Yutao Li
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
2Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
3Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU002, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Xilin Jing
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
2Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
3Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU002, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Lin Weng
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
2Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
3Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU002, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Xu Liu
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
2Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
3Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU002, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Qingyun Liu
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
2Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
3Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU002, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Kezhong Chen
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
2Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
3Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU002, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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  • ORCID record for Kezhong Chen
  • For correspondence: chenkezhong{at}pkuph.edu.cn
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Article Information

vol. 22 no. 8 903-927
DOI 
https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2025.0127
PubMed 
40708272

Published By 
Cancer Biology & Medicine
History 
  • Received March 13, 2025
  • Accepted June 16, 2025
  • Published online September 4, 2025.

Copyright & Usage 
Copyright: © 2025, The Authors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Author Information

  1. Yuxuan Xiao1,2,3,
  2. Yutao Li1,2,3,
  3. Xilin Jing1,2,3,
  4. Lin Weng1,2,3,
  5. Xu Liu1,2,3,
  6. Qingyun Liu1,2,3 and
  7. Kezhong Chen1,2,3⇑
  1. 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
  2. 2Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
  3. 3Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU002, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
  1. Correspondence to: Kezhong Chen, E-mail: chenkezhong{at}pkuph.edu.cn
View Full Text

Funding

  • Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

    2021RU002
  • Beijing Natural Science Foundation

    Z240013
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China

    82450111
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China

    82388102
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China

    82373416
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China

    92259303
  • Beijing Research Ward Excellence Program

    BRWEP2024W034080200
  • Beijing Research Ward Excellence Program

    BRWEP2024W034080204
  • Peking University People’s Hospital Research and Development

    RZG2024-02

This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 2021RU002), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. Z240013), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 82450111, 82388102, 82373416, and 92259303), Beijing Research Ward Excellence Program (Grant Nos. BRWEP2024W034080200 and BRWEP2024W034080204), and Peking University People’s Hospital Research and Development Funds (Grant No. RZG2024-02).

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Cancer Biology & Medicine: 22 (8)
Cancer Biology & Medicine
Vol. 22, Issue 8
15 Aug 2025
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Organoid models in oncology: advancing precision cancer therapy and vaccine development
Yuxuan Xiao, Yutao Li, Xilin Jing, Lin Weng, Xu Liu, Qingyun Liu, Kezhong Chen
Cancer Biology & Medicine Aug 2025, 22 (8) 903-927; DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2025.0127

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Organoid models in oncology: advancing precision cancer therapy and vaccine development
Yuxuan Xiao, Yutao Li, Xilin Jing, Lin Weng, Xu Liu, Qingyun Liu, Kezhong Chen
Cancer Biology & Medicine Aug 2025, 22 (8) 903-927; DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2025.0127
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Comparative analysis: organoids and traditional models
    • Technological integration: organoids with genomic and molecular profiling
    • Predicting targeted efficacy using PDOs
    • Predicting immunotherapy efficacy using PDOs
    • A novel direction: the application in cancer vaccine
    • Challenges and future prospects of organoid technology in clinical applications
    • Conflict of interest statement
    • Author contributions
    • Acknowledgments
    • References
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Subjects

  • Cancer immunology and immunotherapy

Keywords

  • Organoids
  • oncology
  • precision therapy
  • vaccine

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