Multiple myeloma survival in New South Wales, Australia, by treatment era to 2020

Eleonora Feletto; Qingwei Luo; Anna Kelly; Marianne Weber; David Goldsbury; Katherine Barron; Karen Canfell; Xue Qin Yu

doi:10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0177

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Figure 1
Five-year relative survival among individuals diagnosed with multiple myeloma, by age at diagnosis in different treatment eras, New South Wales, Australia.
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Figure 2
Cumulative incidence of death due to multiple myeloma among individuals diagnosed in different treatment eras, New South Wales, Australia.

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Table 1

Baseline characteristics of individuals diagnosed with multiple myeloma, and relative survival (%) by treatment era, New South Wales, Australia, in 1985–2015 with 5-year follow-up (to 2020)

Item	Total n (%)	1985–1995	1996–2007	2008–2015	P-value*
Number of cases	11,591	2,826	4,708	4,057
Gender					< 0.0001
Male	6,658 (57.4%)	1,560 (55.2%)	2,662 (56.5%)	2,436 (60.0%)
Female	4,933 (42.6%)	1,266 (44.8%)	2,046 (43.5%)	1,621 (40.0%)
Age group					< 0.0001
20–69 years	5,649 (48.7%)	1,477 (52.3%)	2,167 (46.0%)	2,005 (45.4%)
70–79 years	3,748 (32.3%)	918 (32.5%)	1,608 (34.2%)	1,222 (30.1%)
80–89 years	2,194 (18.9%)	431 (15.3%)	933 (19.8%)	830 (20.5%)
Relative survival (%)					< 0.0001
1-year (95% CI)	78.9 (78.1–79.7)	74.0 (72.2–75.7)	77.3 (76.0–78.5)	84.1 (82.9–85.3)
2-year (95% CI)	67.1 (66.2–68.0)	59.5 (57.5–61.4)	65.0 (63.5–66.5)	74.8 (73.3–76.2)
5-year (95% CI)	44.3 (43.3–45.4)	31.0 (29.0–32.9)	41.9 (40.4–43.5)	56.1 (54.4–57.9)

↵*From chi-squared test.

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Table 2

Relative excess risk of death (RER) due to diagnosis of multiple myeloma by treatment era in New South Wales, Australia, in 1985–2015 with 5-year follow-up (to 2020)

Item	RER	95% confidence interval	P-value
Treatment era			< 0.0001
1985–1995	1.00
1996–2007	0.73	(0.69–0.78)
2008–2015	0.48	(0.45–0.52)
Gender			0.27
Female	1.00
Male	1.03	(0.98–1.09)
Age group (years)			< 0.0001
20–69	1.00
70–79	1.71	(1.61–1.82)
80–89	2.76	(2.57–2.96)
Year of follow-up			< 0.0001
1	1.00
2	0.70	(0.65–0.76)
3	0.71	(0.66–0.77)
4	0.64	(0.59–0.70)
5	0.62	(0.56–0.68)

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Table 3

Five-year cumulative incidence of multiple myeloma death by treatment era, and hazard ratio (HR) from a subdistribution hazard model for death from multiple myeloma in New South Wales, Australia, in 1985–2015 with 5-year follow-up (to 2020)

Item	5-year cumulative incidence and 95% confidence interval		HR* and 95% confidence interval		P-value^†
Treatment era					< 0.0001
1985–1995	0.58	(0.57–0.60)	1.00
1996–2007	0.47	(0.46–0.49)	0.87	(0.81–0.92)
2008–2015	0.38	(0.36–0.39)	0.69	(0.64–0.73)

↵*Adjusted for gender and age group at diagnosis in the subdistribution hazard model.
↵^†P-value for Gray’s test for equality of cumulative incidence between treatment eras, or the type 3 test for treatment era from the subdistribution hazard model.