Multiplex imaging reveals the architecture of the tumor immune microenvironment

Junlei Zhang; Jinyuan Song; Jianpeng Sheng; Xueli Bai; Tingbo Liang

doi:10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0494

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Figure 1
The workflows of 3 types of multiplex imaging methods. (A) Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) acquires tissue spatial information via laser ablation of cells combined with metal-labeled antibodies. (B) Co-detection by indexing (CODEX) scans images through rounds of fluorophore and index staining, and removal. (C) Immunostaining with signal amplification by exchange reaction (Immuno-SABER) provides highly multiplexed amplification capability that can be tuned independently for multiple targets by controlling the length of the concatemers and the number of imagers.

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Table 1

Summary of multiplex imaging methods, related analytical software, research fields, and new targets discovered via these technologies

Methods	Analytical software	Research fields	New therapeutic targets
^†IMC (Hyperion)¹	CellProfiler, histoCAT, Voronoi diagrams	HCC	Resident macrophages¹²
		Breast carcinoma	Vimentin⁺Slug⁻ macrophages¹³
		Melanoma	B2M¹⁴
^‡CODEX²	Volumetric segmentation algorithm by Yury Goltsev et al.², X-shift	Colorectal cancer	PD-1⁺CD4⁺ T cells¹⁵
^§Immuno-SABER³	–	Imaging of normal human tissue	–
^¶TSA systems (Vectra Polaris)⁷	Nuance and InForm image analysis software (PerkinElmer)	HCC	Treg and exhausted CD8 T cells¹⁶, PD-1⁸

^†IMC, imaging mass cytometry; ^‡CODEX, co-detection by indexing; ^§Immuno-SABER, immunostaining with signal amplification by exchange reaction; ^¶TSA systems, tyramide signal amplification system.