MiR-135a biogenesis and regulation in malignancy: a new hope for cancer research and therapy

References

1. 1.↵
   2. Bartel DP.

   Micrornas: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell. 2004; 116: 281–97.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
2. 2.↵
   2. Lee RC,
   3. Feinbaum RL,
   4. Ambros V.

   The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAS with antisense complementarity to lin-14. Cell. 1993; 75: 843–54.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
3. 3.↵
   2. Rupaimoole R,
   3. Slack FJ.

   Microrna therapeutics: towards a new era for the management of cancer and other diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2017; 16: 203–22.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
4. 4.↵
   2. Winter J,
   3. Jung S,
   4. Keller S,
   5. Gregory RI,
   6. Diederichs S.

   Many roads to maturity: microrna biogenesis pathways and their regulation. Nat Cell Biol. 2009; 11: 228–34.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. 5.↵
   2. Ha M,
   3. Kim VN.

   Regulation of microrna biogenesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014; 15: 509–24.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
6. 6.↵
   2. Gregory RI,
   3. Chendrimada TP,
   4. Cooch N,
   5. Shiekhattar R.

   Human RISC couples microrna biogenesis and posttranscriptional gene silencing. Cell. 2005; 123: 631–40.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. 7.↵
   2. Gebert LFR,
   3. MacRae IJ.

   Regulation of microrna function in animals. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2019; 20: 21–37.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   2. Lin S,
   3. Gregory RI.

   Microrna biogenesis pathways in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2015; 15: 321–33.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
9. 9.↵
   2. Garzon R,
   3. Calin GA,
   4. Croce CM.

   Micrornas in cancer. Annu Rev Med. 2009; 60: 167–79.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
10. 10.↵
    2. Lee Y,
    3. Ahn C,
    4. Han J,
    5. Choi H,
    6. Kim J,
    7. Yim J, et al.

    The nuclear RNase III Drosha initiates microrna processing. Nature. 2003; 425: 415–9.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
11. 11.
    2. Bohnsack MT,
    3. Czaplinski K,
    4. Gorlich D.

    Exportin 5 is a RanGTP-dependent dsRNA-binding protein that mediates nuclear export of pre-miRNAS. RNA. 2004; 10: 185–91.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
12. 12.↵
    2. Hutvagner G,
    3. McLachlan J,
    4. Pasquinelli AE,
    5. Balint E,
    6. Tuschl T,
    7. Zamore PD.

    A cellular function for the RNA-interference enzyme DICER in the maturation of the let-7 small temporal RNA. Science. 2001; 293: 834–8.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
13. 13.↵
    2. Qiu J,
    3. Yang G,
    4. Feng M,
    5. Zheng S,
    6. Cao Z,
    7. You L, et al.

    Extracellular vesicles as mediators of the progression and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer and their potential clinical applications. Mol Cancer. 2018; 17: 2.

    OpenUrl
14. 14.↵
    2. Yang TT,
    3. Liu CG,
    4. Gao SC,
    5. Zhang Y,
    6. Wang PC.

    The serum exosome derived microrna-135a, -193b, and -384 were potential Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers. Biomed Environ Sci. 2018; 31: 87–96.

    OpenUrl
15. 15.↵
    2. Ruan K,
    3. Fang X,
    4. Ouyang G.

    Micrornas: novel regulators in the hallmarks of human cancer. Cancer Lett. 2009; 285: 116–26.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
16. 16.↵
    2. Yang G,
    3. Xiong G,
    4. Cao Z,
    5. Zheng S,
    6. You L,
    7. Zhang T, et al.

    MiR-497 expression, function and clinical application in cancer. Oncotarget. 2016; 7: 55900–11.

    OpenUrl
17. 17.
    2. Heravi-Moussavi A,
    3. Anglesio MS,
    4. Cheng SW,
    5. Senz J,
    6. Yang W,
    7. Prentice L, et al.

    Recurrent somatic DICER1 mutations in nonepithelial ovarian cancers. N Engl J Med. 2012; 366: 234–42.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
18. 18.↵
    2. Wallace JA,
    3. O’Connell RM.

    Micrornas and acute myeloid leukemia: therapeutic implications and emerging concepts. Blood. 2017; 130: 1290–301.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
19. 19.↵
    2. Nagel R,
    3. le Sage C,
    4. Diosdado B,
    5. van der Waal M,
    6. Oude Vrielink JA,
    7. Bolijn A, et al.

    Regulation of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene by the MiR-135 family in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 2008; 68: 5795–802.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
20. 20.↵
    2. Zhou W,
    3. Li X,
    4. Liu F,
    5. Xiao Z,
    6. He M,
    7. Shen S, et al.

    MiR-135a promotes growth and invasion of colorectal cancer via metastasis suppressor 1 in vitro. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2012; 44: 838–46.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    2. Wang Q,
    3. Zhang H,
    4. Shen X,
    5. Ju S.

    Serum microrna-135a-5p as an auxiliary diagnostic biomarker for colorectal cancer. Ann Clin Biochem. 2017; 54: 76–85.

    OpenUrl
22. 22.↵
    2. Costa FF,
    3. Bischof JM,
    4. Vanin EF,
    5. Lulla RR,
    6. Wang M,
    7. Sredni ST, et al.

    Identification of micrornas as potential prognostic markers in ependymoma. PLoS One. 2011; 6: e25114.
23. 23.↵
    2. Chen Y,
    3. Zhang J,
    4. Wang H,
    5. Zhao J,
    6. Xu C,
    7. Du Y, et al.

    miRNA-135a promotes breast cancer cell migration and invasion by targeting HOXA10. BMC Cancer. 2012; 12: 111.

    OpenUrlPubMed
24. 24.↵
    2. Mao XP,
    3. Zhang LS,
    4. Huang B,
    5. Zhou SY,
    6. Liao J,
    7. Chen LW, et al.

    ­ MiR-135a enhances cellular proliferation through post-transcriptionally regulating PHLPP2 and FOXO1 in human bladder cancer. J Transl Med. 2015; 13: 86.

    OpenUrl
25. 25.↵
    2. Ren J,
    3. Li Z,
    4. Tu C.

    MiR-135 post-transcriptionally regulates FOXO1 expression and promotes cell proliferation in human malignant melanoma cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015; 8: 6356–66.

    OpenUrlPubMed
26. 26.↵
    2. Zeng YB,
    3. Liang XH,
    4. Zhang GX,
    5. Jiang N,
    6. Zhang T,
    7. Huang JY, et al.

    miRNA-135a promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion by targeting forkhead box O1. Cancer Cell Int. 2016; 16: 63.

    OpenUrl
27. 27.↵
    2. Fukagawa S,
    3. Miyata K,
    4. Yotsumoto F,
    5. Kiyoshima C,
    6. Nam SO,
    7. Anan H, et al.

    Microrna-135a-3p as a promising biomarker and nucleic acid therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer. Cancer Sci. 2017; 108: 886–96.

    OpenUrl
28. 28.↵
    2. Dang Z,
    3. Xu WH,
    4. Lu P,
    5. Wu N,
    6. Liu J,
    7. Ruan B, et al.

    Microrna-135a inhibits cell proliferation by targeting BMI1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int J Biol Sci. 2014; 10: 733–45.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
29. 29.↵
    2. Xu B,
    3. Tao T,
    4. Wang Y,
    5. Fang F,
    6. Huang Y,
    7. Chen S, et al.

    HSA-MiR-135a-1 inhibits prostate cancer cell growth and migration by targeting EGFR. Tumour Biol. 2016; 37: 14141–51.

    OpenUrl
30. 30.↵
    2. Zhang YK,
    3. Sun B,
    4. Sui G.

    Serum microrna-135a downregulation as a prognostic marker of non-small cell lung cancer. Genet Mol Res. 2016; 15: gmr.15038252.
31. 31.↵
    2. Shi H,
    3. Ji Y,
    4. Zhang D,
    5. Liu Y,
    6. Fang P.

    MiR-135a inhibits migration and invasion and regulates EMT-related marker genes by targeting KLF8 in lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015; 465: 125–30.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
32. 32.↵
    2. Zhou L,
    3. Qiu T,
    4. Xu J,
    5. Wang T,
    6. Wang J,
    7. Zhou X, et al.

    MiR-135a/b modulate cisplatin resistance of human lung cancer cell line by targeting MCL1. Pathol Oncol Res. 2013; 19: 677–83.

    OpenUrl
33. 33.↵
    2. He Q,
    3. Fang Y,
    4. Lu F,
    5. Pan J,
    6. Wang L,
    7. Gong W, et al.

    Analysis of differential expression profile of miRNA in peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer. J Clin Lab Anal. 2019; 33: e23003.
34. 34.↵
    2. Zhao X,
    3. Sun Z,
    4. Li H,
    5. Jiang F,
    6. Zhou J,
    7. Zhang L.

    MiR-135a-5p modulates biological functions of thyroid carcinoma cells via targeting VCAN 3’-UTR. Cancer Biomark. 2017; 20: 207–16.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
35. 35.↵
    2. Zhou W,
    3. Bi X,
    4. Gao G,
    5. Sun L.

    miRNA-133b and miRNA-135a induce apoptosis via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in human renal carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016; 84: 722–9.

    OpenUrl
36. 36.↵
    2. Zhou H,
    3. Guo W,
    4. Zhao Y,
    5. Wang Y,
    6. Zha R,
    7. Ding J, et al.

    ­ Microrna-135a acts as a putative tumor suppressor by directly targeting very low density lipoprotein receptor in human gallbladder cancer. Cancer Sci. 2014; 105: 956–65.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
37. 37.↵
    2. Zhao Z,
    3. Lin X,
    4. Tong Y,
    5. Li W.

    Silencing lncRNA ZFAS1 or elevated microrna-135a represses proliferation, migration, invasion and resistance to apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Cell Int. 2019; 19: 326.

    OpenUrl
38. 38.↵
    2. Wu S,
    3. Lin Y,
    4. Xu D,
    5. Chen J,
    6. Shu M,
    7. Zhou Y, et al.

    MiR-135a functions as a selective killer of malignant glioma. Oncogene. 2012; 31: 3866–74.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
39. 39.↵
    2. Tomsic J,
    3. Fultz R,
    4. Liyanarachchi S,
    5. Genutis LK,
    6. Wang Y,
    7. Li W, et al.

    Variants in microrna genes in familial papillary thyroid carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2017; 8: 6475–82.

    OpenUrl
40. 40.↵
    2. Wu H,
    3. Huang M,
    4. Cao P,
    5. Wang T,
    6. Shu Y,
    7. Liu P.

    MiR-135a targets JAK2 and inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Biol Ther. 2012; 13: 281–8.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
41. 41.↵
    2. Zhang C,
    3. Chen X,
    4. Chen X,
    5. Wang X,
    6. Ji A,
    7. Jiang L, et al.

    MiR-135a acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer in part by targeting KIFC1. Onco Targets Ther. 2016; 9: 3555–63.

    OpenUrlPubMed
42. 42.↵
    2. Yan LH,
    3. Chen ZN,
    4. Li L,
    5. Chen J,
    6. Wei WE,
    7. Mo XW, et al.

    MiR-135a promotes gastric cancer progression and resistance to oxaliplatin. Oncotarget. 2016; 7: 70699–714.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
43. 43.↵
    2. Kroiss A,
    3. Vincent S,
    4. Decaussin-Petrucci M,
    5. Meugnier E,
    6. Viallet J,
    7. Ruffion A, et al.

    Androgen-regulated microrna-135a decreases prostate cancer cell migration and invasion through downregulating ROCK1 and ROCK2. Oncogene. 2015; 34: 2846–55.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
44. 44.↵
    2. Wei X,
    3. Cheng X,
    4. Peng Y,
    5. Zheng R,
    6. Chai J,
    7. Jiang S.

    STAT5a promotes the transcription of mature Mmu-MiR-135a in 3t3-l1 cells by binding to both MiR-135a-1 and MiR-135a-2 promoter elements. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2016; 77: 109–19.

    OpenUrl
45. 45.↵
    2. Cheng Z,
    3. Liu F,
    4. Zhang H,
    5. Li X,
    6. Li Y,
    7. Li J, et al.

    MiR-135a inhibits tumor metastasis and angiogenesis by targeting FAK pathway. Oncotarget. 2017; 8: 31153–68.

    OpenUrl
46. 46.↵
    2. Zhang X,
    3. Gao F,
    4. Zhou L,
    5. Wang H,
    6. Shi G,
    7. Tan X.

    UCA1 regulates the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer by sponging MiR-135a. Oncol Res. 2017; 25: 1529–41.

    OpenUrl
47. 47.↵
    2. Wang J,
    3. Zhang M,
    4. Lu W.

    Long noncoding RNA GACAT3 promotes glioma progression by sponging MiR-135a. J Cell Physiol. 2019; 234: 10877–87.

    OpenUrl
48. 48.↵
    2. Wu Q,
    3. Shi M,
    4. Meng W,
    5. Wang Y,
    6. Hui P,
    7. Ma J.

    Long noncoding RNA FOXD3-as1 promotes colon adenocarcinoma progression and functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate sirt1 by sponging MiR-135a-5p. J Cell Physiol. 2019; 234: 21889–902.

    OpenUrl
49. 49.↵
    2. Tang Y,
    3. Cao G,
    4. Zhao G,
    5. Wang C,
    6. Qin Q.

    lncRNA differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA promotes proliferation and invasion through regulating MiR-135a/NLRP37 axis in pancreatic cancer. Invest New Drugs. 2020; 38: 714–21.

    OpenUrl
50. 50.↵
    2. Wei X,
    3. Yang X,
    4. Wang B,
    5. Yang Y,
    6. Fang Z,
    7. Yi C, et al.

    lncRNA MBNL1-AS1 represses cell proliferation and enhances cell apoptosis via targeting MiR-135a-5p/PHLPP2/FOXO1 axis in bladder cancer. Cancer Med. 2020; 9: 724–36.

    OpenUrl
51. 51.↵
    2. Wang X,
    3. Kan J,
    4. Han J,
    5. Zhang W,
    6. Bai L,
    7. Wu H.

    lncRNA SNHG16 functions as an oncogene by sponging MiR-135a and promotes JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway in gastric cancer. J Cancer. 2019; 10: 1013–22.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
52. 52.↵
    2. Klinge CM.

    Non-coding RNAS: long non-coding RNAS and micrornas in endocrine-related cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2018; 25: R259–82.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
53. 53.↵
    2. Zheng Y,
    3. Zheng B,
    4. Meng X,
    5. Yan Y,
    6. He J,
    7. Liu Y.

    lncRNA DANCR promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells through MiR-135a-5p/KLF8 axis. Cancer Cell Int. 2019; 19: 302.

    OpenUrl
54. 54.↵
    2. Setien-Olarra A,
    3. Marichalar-Mendia X,
    4. Bediaga NG,
    5. Aguirre-Echebarria P,
    6. Aguirre-Urizar JM,
    7. Mosqueda-Taylor A.

    Micrornas expression profile in solid and unicystic ameloblastomas. PLoS One. 2017; 12: e0186841.
55. 55.↵
    2. Diniz MG,
    3. Franca JA,
    4. Vilas-Boas FAS,
    5. de Souza FTA,
    6. Calin GA,
    7. Gomez RS, et al.

    The long noncoding RNA KIAA0125 is upregulated in ameloblastomas. Pathol Res Pract. 2019; 215: 466–9.

    OpenUrl
56. 56.↵
    2. Li P,
    3. Yang X,
    4. Yuan W,
    5. Yang C,
    6. Zhang X,
    7. Han J, et al.

    Circrna-Cdr1as exerts anti-oncogenic functions in bladder cancer by sponging microrna-135a. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018; 46: 1606–16.

    OpenUrl
57. 57.↵
    2. Shi L,
    3. Li X,
    4. Wu Z,
    5. Li X,
    6. Nie J,
    7. Guo M, et al.

    DNA methylation-mediated repression of MiR-181a/135a/302c expression promotes the microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer development and 5-fu resistance via targeting PLAG1. J Genet Genomics. 2018; 45: 205–14.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
58. 58.↵
    2. Bi C,
    3. Chung TH,
    4. Huang G,
    5. Zhou J,
    6. Yan J,
    7. Ahmann GJ, et al.

    Genome-wide pharmacologic unmasking identifies tumor suppressive micrornas in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget. 2015; 6: 26508–18.

    OpenUrl
59. 59.↵
    2. Shi H,
    3. Fang R,
    4. Li Y,
    5. Li L,
    6. Zhang W,
    7. Wang H, et al.

    The oncoprotein HBXIP suppresses gluconeogenesis through modulating pck1 to enhance the growth of hepatoma cells. Cancer Lett. 2016; 382: 147–56.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
60. 60.↵
    2. Wan X,
    3. Pu H,
    4. Huang W,
    5. Yang S,
    6. Zhang Y,
    7. Kong Z, et al.

    Androgen-induced MiR-135a acts as a tumor suppressor through downregulating RBAK and MMP11, and mediates resistance to androgen deprivation therapy. Oncotarget. 2016; 7: 51284–300.

    OpenUrl
61. 61.↵
    2. Duan S,
    3. Dong X,
    4. Hai J,
    5. Jiang J,
    6. Wang W,
    7. Yang J, et al.

    Microrna-135a-3p is downregulated and serves as a tumour suppressor in ovarian cancer by targeting CCR2. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018; 107: 712–20.

    OpenUrl
62. 62.↵
    2. Yamada Y,
    3. Hidaka H,
    4. Seki N,
    5. Yoshino H,
    6. Yamasaki T,
    7. Itesako T, et al.

    Tumor-suppressive microrna-135a inhibits cancer cell proliferation by targeting the c-MYC oncogene in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci. 2013; 104: 304–12.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
63. 63.↵
    2. Navarro A,
    3. Diaz T,
    4. Martinez A,
    5. Gaya A,
    6. Pons A,
    7. Gel B, et al.

    Regulation of JAK2 by MiR-135a: prognostic impact in classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2009; 114: 2945–51.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
64. 64.↵
    2. Xu B,
    3. Lu X,
    4. Zhao Y,
    5. Liu C,
    6. Huang X,
    7. Chen S, et al.

    Microrna-135a induces prostate cancer cell apoptosis via inhibition of STAT6. Oncol Lett. 2019; 17: 1889–95.

    OpenUrl
65. 65.↵
    2. Coarfa C,
    3. Fiskus W,
    4. Eedunuri VK,
    5. Rajapakshe K,
    6. Foley C,
    7. Chew SA, et al.

    Comprehensive proteomic profiling identifies the androgen receptor axis and other signaling pathways as targets of micrornas suppressed in metastatic prostate cancer. Oncogene. 2016; 35: 2345–56.

    OpenUrl
66. 66.↵
    2. Luo W,
    3. Sun C,
    4. Zhou J,
    5. Wang Q,
    6. Yu L,
    7. Bian XW, et al.

    MiR-135a-5p functions as a glioma proliferation suppressor by targeting tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5 and predicts patients’ prognosis. Am J Pathol. 2019; 189: 162–76.

    OpenUrl
67. 67.↵
    2. Gomez Zubieta DM,
    3. Hamood MA,
    4. Beydoun R,
    5. Pall AE,
    6. Kondapalli KC.

    Microrna-135a regulates nhe9 to inhibit proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells. Cell Commun Signal. 2017; 15: 55.

    OpenUrl
68. 68.↵
    2. Ahmad A,
    3. Zhang W,
    4. Wu M,
    5. Tan S,
    6. Zhu T.

    Tumor-suppressive miRNA-135a inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation by targeting ELK1 and ELK3 oncogenes. Genes Genomics. 2018; 40: 243–51.

    OpenUrl
69. 69.↵
    2. Tribollet V,
    3. Barenton B,
    4. Kroiss A,
    5. Vincent S,
    6. Zhang L,
    7. Forcet C, et al.

    MiR-135a inhibits the invasion of cancer cells via suppression of ERRalpha. PLoS One. 2016; 11: e0156445.
70. 70.↵
    2. Guo LM,
    3. Ding GF,
    4. Xu W,
    5. Ge H,
    6. Jiang Y,
    7. Chen XJ, et al.

    MiR-135a-5p represses proliferation of HNSCC by targeting HOXA10. Cancer Biol Ther. 2018; 19: 973–83.

    OpenUrl
71. 71.↵
    2. Wang LX,
    3. Kang ZP,
    4. Yang ZC,
    5. Ma RX,
    6. Tan Y,
    7. Peng XB, et al.

    Microrna-135a inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation through targeting interleukin-17. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018; 46: 2232–8.

    OpenUrl
72. 72.↵
    2. Ren JW,
    3. Li ZJ,
    4. Tu C.

    MiR-135 post-transcriptionally regulates FOXO1 expression and promotes cell proliferation in human malignant melanoma cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015; 8: 6356–66.

    OpenUrlPubMed
73. 73.↵
    2. Liu S,
    3. Guo W,
    4. Shi J,
    5. Li N,
    6. Yu X,
    7. Xue J, et al.

    Microrna-135a contributes to the development of portal vein tumor thrombus by promoting metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2012; 56: 389–96.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
74. 74.↵
    2. Van Renne N,
    3. Roca Suarez AA,
    4. Duong FHT,
    5. Gondeau C,
    6. Calabrese D,
    7. Fontaine N, et al.

    MiR-135a-5p-mediated downregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor delta is a candidate driver of HCV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. Gut. 2018; 67: 953–62.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
75. 75.↵
    2. Mao XW,
    3. Xiao JQ,
    4. Li ZY,
    5. Zheng YC,
    6. Zhang N.

    Effects of ­ microrna-135a on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells by targeting GSK3beta through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Exp Mol Med. 2018; 50: e429.
76. 76.↵
    2. Leung CO,
    3. Deng W,
    4. Ye TM,
    5. Ngan HY,
    6. Tsao SW,
    7. Cheung AN, et al.

    MiR-135a leads to cervical cancer cell transformation through regulation of beta-catenin via a SIAH1-dependent ubiquitin proteosomal pathway. Carcinogenesis. 2014; 35: 1931–40.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
77. 77.↵
    2. Xie Y,
    3. Li F,
    4. Li Z,
    5. Shi Z.

    MiR-135a suppresses migration of gastric cancer cells by targeting TRAF5-mediated NF-kappaB activation. Onco Targets Ther. 2019; 12: 975–84.

    OpenUrl
78. 78.↵
    2. Zhou Y,
    3. Li S,
    4. Li J,
    5. Wang D,
    6. Li Q.

    Effect of microrna-135a on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis through the IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2017; 42: 1431–46.

    OpenUrl
79. 79.↵
    2. Zhang Y,
    3. Jiang WL,
    4. Yang JY,
    5. Huang J,
    6. Kang G,
    7. Hu HB, et al.

    Downregulation of lysyl oxidase-like 4 LOXL4 by MiR-135a-5p promotes lung cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Physiol. 2019; 234: 18679–87.

    OpenUrl
80. 80.↵
    2. Zhang T,
    3. Wang N.

    MiR-135a confers resistance to gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer cells by upregulation of RAC1. Oncol Res. 2018; 26: 1191–200.

    OpenUrl
81. 81.↵
    2. Holleman A,
    3. Chung I,
    4. Olsen RR,
    5. Kwak B,
    6. Mizokami A,
    7. Saijo N, et al.

    MiR-135a contributes to paclitaxel resistance in tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Oncogene. 2011; 30: 4386–98.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
82. 82.↵
    2. Puisieux A,
    3. Brabletz T,
    4. Caramel J.

    Oncogenic roles of EMT-inducing transcription factors. Nat Cell Biol. 2014; 16: 488–94.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
83. 83.
    2. De Craene B,
    3. Berx G.

    Regulatory networks defining EMT during cancer initiation and progression. Nat Rev Cancer. 2013; 13: 97–110.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
84. 84.↵
    2. Diepenbruck M,
    3. Christofori G.

    Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis: yes, no, maybe? Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2016; 43: 7–13.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
85. 85.↵
    2. Batlle E,
    3. Sancho E,
    4. Franci C,
    5. Dominguez D,
    6. Monfar M,
    7. Baulida J, et al.

    The transcription factor snail is a repressor of e-cadherin gene expression in epithelial tumour cells. Nat Cell Biol. 2000; 2: 84–9.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
86. 86.↵
    2. Pieterse Z,
    3. Amaya-Padilla MA,
    4. Singomat T,
    5. Binju M,
    6. Madjid BD,
    7. Yu Y, et al.

    Ovarian cancer stem cells and their role in drug resistance. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2019; 106: 117–26.

    OpenUrl
87. 87.
    2. Li Q,
    3. Yang G,
    4. Feng M,
    5. Zheng S,
    6. Cao Z,
    7. Qiu J, et al.

    Nf-kappaB in pancreatic cancer: its key role in chemoresistance. Cancer Lett. 2018; 421: 127–34.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
88. 88.↵
    2. Xiong G,
    3. Feng M,
    4. Yang G,
    5. Zheng S,
    6. Song X,
    7. Cao Z, et al.

    The underlying mechanisms of non-coding RNAS in the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett. 2017; 397: 94–102.

    OpenUrl
89. 89.↵
    2. Wang J,
    3. Yang M,
    4. Li Y,
    5. Han B.

    The role of micrornas in the chemoresistance of breast cancer. Drug Dev Res. 2015; 76: 368–74.

    OpenUrl
90. 90.↵
    2. Caliskan M,
    3. Guler H,
    4. Bozok Cetintas V.

    Current updates on micrornas as regulators of chemoresistance. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017; 95: 1000–12.

    OpenUrl
91. 91.↵
    2. Leonetti A,
    3. Assaraf YG,
    4. Veltsista PD,
    5. El Hassouni B,
    6. Tiseo M,
    7. Giovannetti E.

    Micrornas as a drug resistance mechanism to targeted therapies in EGFR-mutated NSCLC: current implications and future directions. Drug Resist Updat. 2019; 42: 1–11.

    OpenUrl
92. 92.↵
    2. Madurantakam Royam M,
    3. Ramesh R,
    4. Shanker R,
    5. Sabarimurugan S,
    6. Kumarasamy C,
    7. Ramesh N, et al.

    miRNA predictors of pancreatic cancer chemotherapeutic response: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancers (Basel). 2019; 11: 900.

    OpenUrl
93. 93.↵
    2. Garofalo M,
    3. Croce CM.

    Micrornas as therapeutic targets in chemoresistance. Drug Resist Updat. 2013; 16: 47–59.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
94. 94.↵
    2. Matuszcak C,
    3. Haier J,
    4. Hummel R,
    5. Lindner K.

    Micrornas: promising chemoresistance biomarkers in gastric cancer with diagnostic and therapeutic potential. World J Gastroenterol. 2014; 20: 13658–66.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
95. 95.↵
    2. Deb S,
    3. Uhr K,
    4. Prager-van der Smissen WJC,
    5. Heine AAJ,
    6. Ozturk B,
    7. van Jaarsveld MTM, et al.

    Micrornas as possible indicators of drug sensitivity in breast cancer cell lines. PLoS One. 2019; 14: e0216400.
96. 96.↵
    2. Li J,
    3. Tan S,
    4. Kooger R,
    5. Zhang C,
    6. Zhang Y.

    Micrornas as novel biological targets for detection and regulation. Chem Soc Rev. 2014; 43: 506–17.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
97. 97.↵
    2. Berindan-Neagoe I,
    3. Monroig Pdel C,
    4. Pasculli B,
    5. Calin GA.

    MicroRNAome genome: a treasure for cancer diagnosis and therapy. CA Cancer J Clin. 2014; 64: 311–36.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
98. 98.↵
    2. Gao Y,
    3. Lin L,
    4. Li T,
    5. Yang J,
    6. Wei Y.

    The role of miRNA-223 in cancer: function, diagnosis and therapy. Gene. 2017; 616: 1–7.

    OpenUrl
99. 99.↵
    2. Shen K,
    3. Cao Z,
    4. Zhu R,
    5. You L,
    6. Zhang T.

    The dual functional role of microrna-18a (MiR-18a) in cancer development. Clin Transl Med. 2019; 8: 32.

    OpenUrl
100. 100.↵
     2. Vickers MM,
     3. Bar J,
     4. Gorn-Hondermann I,
     5. Yarom N,
     6. Daneshmand M,
     7. Hanson JE, et al.

     Stage-dependent differential expression of micrornas in colorectal cancer: potential role as markers of metastatic disease. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2012; 29: 123–32.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
101. 101.↵
     2. Alhasan AH,
     3. Scott AW,
     4. Wu JJ,
     5. Feng G,
     6. Meeks JJ,
     7. Thaxton CS, et al.

     Circulating microrna signature for the diagnosis of very high-risk prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016; 113: 10655–60.

     OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
102. 102.↵
     2. Hofbauer SL,
     3. de Martino M,
     4. Lucca I,
     5. Haitel A,
     6. Susani M,
     7. Shariat SF, et al.

     A urinary microrna (MiR) signature for diagnosis of bladder cancer. Urol Oncol. 2018; 36: 531.e1-8.

     OpenUrl
103. 103.↵
     2. Tang W,
     3. Jiang Y,
     4. Mu X,
     5. Xu L,
     6. Cheng W,
     7. Wang X.

     MiR-135a functions as a tumor suppressor in epithelial ovarian cancer and regulates HOXA10 expression. Cell Signal. 2014; 26: 1420–6.

     OpenUrlCrossRef
104. 104.↵
     2. von Felden J,
     3. Heim D,
     4. Schulze K,
     5. Krech T,
     6. Ewald F,
     7. Nashan B, et al.

     High expression of micro RNA-135a in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with recurrence within 12 months after resection. BMC Cancer. 2017; 17: 60.

     OpenUrl
105. 105.↵
     2. Ling H,
     3. Fabbri M,
     4. Calin GA.

     Micrornas and other non-coding RNAS as targets for anticancer drug development. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013; 12: 847–65.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
106. 106.↵
     2. Rupaimoole R,
     3. Calin GA,
     4. Lopez-Berestein G,
     5. Sood AK.

     miRNA deregulation in cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Discov. 2016; 6: 235–46.

     OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
107. 107.↵
     2. Rupaimoole R,
     3. Ivan C,
     4. Yang D,
     5. Gharpure KM,
     6. Wu SY,
     7. Pecot CV, et al.

     Hypoxia-upregulated microrna-630 targets DICER, leading to increased tumor progression. Oncogene. 2016; 35: 4312–20.

     OpenUrl
108. 108.↵
     2. Gilligan KE,
     3. Dwyer RM.

     Engineering exosomes for cancer therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18: 1122.

     OpenUrl
109. 109.↵
     2. Cheng CJ,
     3. Slack FJ.

     The duality of oncomir addiction in the maintenance and treatment of cancer. Cancer J. 2012; 18: 232–7.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
110. 110.↵
     2. Rupaimoole R,
     3. Han HD,
     4. Lopez-Berestein G,
     5. Sood AK.

     Microrna therapeutics: principles, expectations, and challenges. Chin J Cancer. 2011; 30: 368–70.

     OpenUrlPubMed
111. 111.↵
     2. Li Z,
     3. Rana TM.

     Therapeutic targeting of micrornas: current status and future challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014; 13: 622–38.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
112. 112.↵
     2. Merritt WM,
     3. Lin YG,
     4. Han LY,
     5. Kamat AA,
     6. Spannuth WA,
     7. Schmandt R, et al.

     DICER, DROSHA, and outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359: 2641–50.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
113. 113.
     2. Allegra D,
     3. Bilan V,
     4. Garding A,
     5. Dohner H,
     6. Stilgenbauer S,
     7. Kuchenbauer F, et al.

     Defective DROSHA processing contributes to downregulation of MiR-15/-16 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia. 2014; 28: 98–107.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
114. 114.↵
     2. Karube Y,
     3. Tanaka H,
     4. Osada H,
     5. Tomida S,
     6. Tatematsu Y,
     7. Yanagisawa K, et al.

     Reduced expression of DICER associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. Cancer Sci. 2005; 96: 111–5.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed