Article Figures & Data
Figures
- 1
Age-adjusted incidence rates for esophageal cancer according to region and gender in China, 2012.
- 2
Age-adjusted mortality for esophageal cancer according to regions and gender in China, 2012.
- 3
Trends in incidence rates (ASR) for esophageal cancer in China from 2000 to 2011.
- 4
Trends in mortality rates (ASR) for esophageal cancer in China from 2000 to 2011.
Tables
Population 40–69 years old high risk population Method Endoscopy + iodine staining+ indicative biopsy Pathologic diagnostic criteria Mild dysplasia Atypical cells are distributed mainly in the basement membrane, less than 1/3 of the epithelium Moderate dysplasia Atypical cells are involved in the top layer of epithelium or less than 2/3 of the epithelium SD/CIS Precursor lesions involve the epithelium without invading the basement membrane; atypical cells are fully or almost fully distributed in the epithelium with a clear structure of the basement membrane Intramucosal carcinoma Lamina propria is invaded and restricted to the mucosa layer; the rate of lymph node metastasis rate ranges from 1% to 5% Submucosal carcinoma Submucosa is invaded; muscular layer of esophagus is not invaded; the rate of lymph node metastasis ranges from 10% to 50% Treatment and follow-up Mild dysplasia/moderate dysplasia Interventions such as nutrition or medication can be taken, affecting their differentiation in its reversal Follow-up for these patients should be conducted every 3-5 years SD/CIS and intramucosal carcinoma These patients should receive the treatment of EMR/APC. Follow-up should also be conducted annually Submucosal carcinoma These patients should receive the Esophagectomy. Esophagectomy should also be conducted for patients with SD/CIS or intramucosal carcinoma and the lesion is large than 3 cm in diameter or invasion of esophageal circumference 3/4 In advanced esophageal cancer Standard treatments, such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be used according to the conditions of patients SD: sever dysplasia; CIS: carcinoma in situ; EMA: endoscopic mucosal resection; APC: argon plasma coagulation.
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