Cancer remains a significant global health challenge with limited treatment options beyond
systemic therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy …

Simple Summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the most mature treatment of
immunotherapy and have changed the mode of cancer treatment. Recent studies showed …

Activating the immune system to eliminate cancer cells and produce clinically relevant
responses has been a long‐standing goal of cancer research. Most promising therapeutic …

Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has become a promising therapeutic
strategy with encouraging therapeutic outcomes due to their durable anti-tumor effects …

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the clinical development and use of
various types of cancer immunotherapy, all of which rely on the immune system to fight …

The main breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy was the discovery of immune checkpoint
(IC) proteins, which act as a potent suppressor of the immune system by a myriad of …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors produce durable long-term survival in some patients with
advanced melanoma and lung cancer. Better immune targets and combination strategies …

To improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for cancer treatment, various
strategies, including combination therapies with repurposed drugs, are being explored …

The unprecedented clinical activity of checkpoint blockade in several types of cancers has
formally demonstrated that anti-tumor immune responses are crucial in cancer therapy …

Current immune checkpoint-modulating agents have demonstrated clinical efficacy in
certain tumor types, particularly those with a high burden of tumor-specific neoantigens, high …