We report here the identification of a novel protein, Smac, which promotes caspase activation
in the cytochrome c/Apaf-1/caspase-9 pathway. Smac promotes caspase-9 activation by …

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of HeLa cells triggers an apoptotic response mediated by
mitochondria. Biochemical analysis of this response revealed that the elimination of cytosolic …

Administration of lymphodepletion chemotherapy followed by CD19-specific chimeric antigen
receptor (CAR)–modified T cells is a remarkably effective approach to treating patients …

Two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper layered metal-halide perovskites have attracted
increasing attention for their desirable optoelectronic properties and improved stability compared …

Tumor heterogeneity may reduce the efficacy of molecularly guided systemic therapy for
cancers that have metastasized. To determine whether the genomic alterations in a single …

Recent evidence supports the theory that mitochondrial homeostasis is the key regulatory
step in apoptosis through the actions of members of the Bcl-2 family 1, 2, 3. Pro-apoptotic …

Background The 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cell line is one of only a few breast cancer models
with the capacity to metastasize efficiently to sites affected in human breast cancer. Here …

It has been recognized that cancer is not merely a disease of tumor cells, but a disease of
imbalance, in which stromal cells and tumor microenvironment play crucial roles. Extracellular …

Many pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are commonly found in biosolids
and effluents from wastewater treatment plants. Land application of these biosolids and …

Apoptosis in metazoans is executed by a group of intracellular proteases named caspases.
One of the caspase-activating pathways in mammals is initiated by the release of cytochrome …