Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with RFS
| Characteristics | n | MRT | 5-year RFS (%) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | ||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 295 | 10.0 | 12.9 | 1 (ref) | |||
| Female | 225 | 12.0 | 14.5 | 0.931 (0.763–1.136) | 0.483 | ||
| Age at surgery | |||||||
| < 70 | 444 | 11.0 | 13.6 | 1 (ref) | |||
| ≥ 70 | 76 | 8.0 | 14.5 | 1.142 (0.864–1.509) | 0.352 | ||
| Preoperative serum CA19-9 (U/mL) | |||||||
| < 200.0 | 284 | 14.0 | 18.6 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| 200.0–1000.0 | 157 | 10.0 | 8.9 | 1.363 (1.090–1.703) | 0.007 | 1.310 (1.041–1.649) | 0.021 |
| ≥ 1000.0 | 79 | 6.0 | – | 2.182 (1.658–2.871) | < 0.001 | 1.806 (1.346–2.423) | < 0.001 |
| Preoperative serum CEA (ng/mL) | |||||||
| ≤ 5 | 361 | 12.0 | 15.2 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| > 5 | 159 | 8.0 | 9.8 | 1.382 (1.118–1.708) | 0.003 | 1.158 (0.915–1.464) | 0.222 |
| Tumor location | |||||||
| Head | 350 | 10.0 | 13.5 | 1 (ref) | |||
| Body and tail | 170 | 10.0 | 12.9 | 0.993 (0.804–1.227) | 0.951 | ||
| Type of pancreatectomy | |||||||
| PD | 351 | 11.0 | 13.5 | 1 (ref) | |||
| DP | 169 | 10.0 | 13.1 | 1.027 (0.831–1.268) | 0.808 | ||
| Histopathologic differentiation | |||||||
| Well and moderate | 208 | 16.0 | 16.8 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Poor | 312 | 8.0 | 11.1 | 1.705 (1.388–2.095) | < 0.001 | 1.632 (1.323–2.012) | < 0.001 |
| TNM stage | |||||||
| I | 168 | 20.0 | 22.2 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| II | 191 | 11.0 | 15.3 | 1.448 (1.128–1.858) | 0.004 | 1.191 (0.921–1.540) | 0.182 |
| III | 161 | 6.0 | 3.4 | 2.519 (1.960–3.237) | < 0.001 | 2.141 (1.623–2.826) | < 0.001 |
| Perineural invasion | |||||||
| Absent | 183 | 13.0 | 21.1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Present | 337 | 9.0 | 8.5 | 1.404 (1.136–1.736) | 0.002 | 1.154 (0.929–1.435) | 0.196 |
| Lymphovascular invasion | |||||||
| Absent | 381 | 12.0 | 15.7 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Present | 139 | 6.0 | 8.4 | 1.596 (1.289–1.977) | < 0.001 | 1.061 (0.936–1.349) | 0.625 |
| Ki-67 expression level | |||||||
| Low expression | 284 | 14.0 | 16.5 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| High expression | 236 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 1.489 (1.222–1.816) | < 0.001 | 1.453 (1.185–1.781) | < 0.001 |
| Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy | |||||||
| No | 265 | 8.0 | 10.9 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Yes | 255 | 13.0 | 16.2 | 1.367 (1.123–1.663) | 0.002 | 0.734 (0.601–0.896) | 0.002 |
| Postoperative complications | |||||||
| Absent | 386 | 12.0 | 15.2 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Present | 134 | 7.0 | 8.6 | 1.380 (1.105–1.723) | 0.004 | 1.198 (0.952–1.507) | 0.124 |
CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; DP, distal pancreatectomy; PD, pancreaticoduodenectomy; ref, reference category; HR, hazard ratio; RFS, recurrence-free survival.