Multivariate survival analysis examining the prognostic value of the malignancy grading system in the context of known independent prognostic factors
| Variable | Category | HR (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Multivariate analysis for OS | |||
| GOM | High vs. low | 3.302 (2.350–4.641) | < 0.001 |
| Middle vs. low | 1.967 (1.433–2.700) | < 0.001 | |
| TNM stage | III vs. I | 2.370 (1.791–3.137) | < 0.001 |
| II vs. I | 1.401 (1.065–1.843) | 0.016 | |
| Preoperative serum CA19-9 (U/mL) | ≥ 1000.0 vs. < 200 | 1.622 (1.207–2.180) | 0.001 |
| 200–1000 vs. < 200 | 1.364 (1.068–1.741) | 0.013 | |
| Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy | Yes vs. no | 0.539 (0.434–0.669) | < 0.001 |
| Age at surgery | ≥ 70 vs. < 70 | 1.657 (1.235–2.223) | 0.001 |
| Postoperative complications | Present vs. absent | 1.443 (1.126–1.849) | 0.004 |
| Multivariate analysis for RFS | |||
| GOM | High vs. low | 2.596 (1.904–3.538) | < 0.001 |
| Middle vs. low | 1.751 (1.324–2.315) | < 0.001 | |
| TNM stage | III vs. I | 2.244 (1.736–2.901) | < 0.001 |
| II vs. I | 1.233 (0.957–1.588) | 0.106 | |
| Preoperative serum CA19-9 (U/mL) | ≥ 1000.0 vs. < 200 | 1.905 (1.442–2.516) | < 0.001 |
| 200–1000 vs. < 200 | 1.350 (1.078–1.693) | 0.009 | |
| Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy | Yes vs. no | 0.748 (0.613–0.913) | 0.004 |
| Age at surgery | ≥ 70 vs. < 70 | 1.226 (0.924–1.625) | 0.157 |
| Postoperative complication | Present vs. absent | 1.207 (0.958–1.520) | 0.110 |
CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; HR, hazard ratio; OS, overall survival; RFS, recurrence-free survival; GOM, grade of malignancy.