Table 1

Clinical trials of bsAbs targeting immunomodulatory checkpoints

TargetsBispecific antibodyCombination agentsConditionPhaseNCT number
Dual inhibitory checkpoints
PD-1×CTLA-4Cadonilimab (AK104)MesotheliomaINCT03261011
LenvatinibuHCCIINCT04444167
Cisplatin/carboplatin+ paclitaxel ± bevacizumabCervical cancerIIINCT04982237
Oxaliplatin + capecitabineG/GEJ cancerIb/IINCT03852251
Vudalimab(XmAb20717)Solid tumorINCT03517488
mCRPCIINCT05005728
Carboplatin + cabazitaxelmCRPCIINCT05005728
OlaparibmCRPCIINCT05005728
MGD019Solid tumorINCT03761017
MEDI5752Solid tumorINCT03530397
PD-L1×CTLA-4KN046Solid tumorIINCT04469725
TIM-3×PD-1RG7769Solid tumorINCT03708328
ESCCIINCT04785820
AZD7789Solid tumorI/IIaNCT04931654
TIM-3×PD-L1LY3415244Solid tumorINCT03752177
LAG-3×PD-1MGD013 MargetuximabHER2+ neoplasmsINCT03219268
LAG-3×PD-L1ABL501Solid tumorINCT05101109
FS118Solid tumorI/IINCT03440437
IBI323Advanced malignanciesINCT04916119
LAG-3×CTLA-4XmAb22841PembrolizumabSolid tumorINCT03849469
TIGIT×PD-1IBI321Solid tumorINCT04911881
TIGIT×PD-L1HLX301Solid tumorI/IINCT0510221
Co-stimulatory and inhibitory checkpoints
4-1BB×PD-L1INBRX-105PembrolizumabSolid tumorINCT03809624
GEN1046Solid tumorINCT03917381
ABL503Solid tumorINCT04762641
OX40×PD-L1KN052Solid tumorINCT05309512
OX40×CTLA-4ATOR-1015Solid tumorINCT03782467
ICOS×PD-1XmAb23104IpilimumabSolid tumorINCT03752398
CD27×PD-L1CDX-527Solid tumorINCT04440943
Immunomodulatory checkpoints and non-checkpoint targets
4-1BB×Claudin 18.2TJ-CD4B(ABL111)Solid tumorINCT04900818
VEGF×PD-1AK112Solid tumorINCT04047290
uHCCIINCT05432492
ChemotherapySCLCIINCT05116007
ChemotherapyNSCLCIINCT04736823
NSCLCIIINCT05184712
ChemotherapymCRCIINCT05382442
Nab-paclitaxel/paclitaxelTNBCIINCT05227664
PARP inhibitorrOCI/IINCT04999605
VEGF×PD-L1HB0025Solid tumorINCT04678908

Source: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (accessed on 13 November 2022). ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; G/GEJ cancer, gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer; mCRC, metastatic colorectal cancer; mCRPC, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; rOC, recurrent ovarian carcinoma; SCLC, small cell lung cancer; TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer; uHCC, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.