Table 2

Summary of culture protocols for various cancer organoid types

Components		CRC		NSCLC	NT	LC		PC	BC	GC		BLC	OC	CC	PTC		EAC	HNSCC
Base medium	Advanced DMEM/F12	√	√	√	DMEM-GlutaMAX	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	DMEM/F12	√	√
	HEPES	1%	10 mM			10 mM	10 mM	1×	10 mM	10 mM			12 mM	10 mM		10 mM	1×
	GlutaMAX	1%	2 mM			1%	1%	1×	1×	2 mM			1%	1×			1×
	L-Glutamine										2 mM
	Penicillin/streptomycin	1%	√		100 μg/mL	1%	1%	1×	100 μg/mL	√	100 units/mL						1×
	N-acetyl-L-cysteine	10 mM	1 mM	1.25 mM		1.25 mM	1.25 mM	1 mM	1.25 mM	1 mM		1.25 mM		1.25 mM	1.25 mM		1 mM	1.25 mM
	Nicotinamide	10 mM		10 mM		10 mM	10 mM	10 mM	5 mM		4 mM	10 mM	1 mM	2.5 mM	10 mM	100 μM	10 mM	10 mM
	B27	1×	1×	1×	√	2%	2%	1×	1×	1×	1×	2%	2%	1×	1×	0.5×	1×	1×
	Primocin	100 μg/mL						1 mg/mL	50 mg/mL					100 μg/mL			1 mg/mL
Cytokine	R-Spondin									1 mg/mL	500 ng/mL				500 ng/mL			4%
	R-Spondin conditioned medium	20%	10%	10%			10%	10%	10%				25%	10%			20%
	Noggin						25 ng/mL		100 ng/mL	100 ng/mL	100 ng/mL		100 ng/mL		100 ng/mL	25 ng/mL	0.1 μg/mL	4%
	Noggin conditioned medium	10%		10%				10%						1%
	rmNoggin		100 ng/mL
	Wnt-3A										100 ng/mL
	Wnt surrogate													0.5 nM
	Wnt-3A conditioned medium		50%				30%	50%		25%			25%				50%
	rhEGF	50 ng/mL			20 ng/mL	50 ng/mL	50 ng/mL	50 ng/mL	5 ng/mL				10 ng/ mL	50 ng/μL				50 ng/mL
	EGF														50 ng/mL	20 ng/mL	50 ng/mL
	rmEGF		50 ng/mL							50 ng/mL	50 ng/mL
	rhHGF					25 ng/mL	25 ng/mL
	rhFGF10			100 ng/mL		100 ng/mL	100 ng/mL	100 ng/mL	20 ng/mL	50 ng/mL	10 ng/mL	100 ng/mL	100 ng/mL		10 ng/mL		100 ng/mL	10 ng/mL
	FGF										10 ng/mL
	rhFGF7			25 ng/mL					5 ng/mL			25 ng/mL		25 ng/mL	5 ng/mL
	FGF2				40 ng/mL							12.5 ng/mL				20 ng/mL		5 ng/mL
	PDGF-AA				10 ng/mL
	PDGF-BB				10 ng/mL
Small molecule compound	VEGF-121															10 ng/mL
	IGF-1				200 ng/mL
	Gastrin	10 nM	10 nM			10 nM	10 nM	10 nM		10 nM	10 nM
	PGE2	10 nM									1 μM							1 μM
	Neuregulin 1								5 nM
	SB202190	3 μM	10 μM	1 μM					500 nM		5 μM				10 μM		10 μM
	SB431542												0.5 μM
	Y-27632			5 μM		10 μM	10 μM		5 mM		10 μM	10 μM	9 μM	10 mM		10 μM		10 μM
	A83-01	500 nM	500 nM	500 nM		5 μM	5 μM	0.5 μM	500 nM	500 nM	0.5 μM	5 μM		500 nM	500 nM	5 μM	0.5 μM	500 nM
	CHIR 99021													0.3 μM				3 μM
Other supplements	N2				√	1%	1%				1×		1%
	Forskolin					10 μM	10 μM							10 mM				1 μM
	β-Estradiol													100 nM
	DEX					3 nM
References		^104,111,112	¹¹³	¹⁰⁴	¹¹⁴	¹⁴		^115,116	⁵⁹	⁸²	⁵⁷	⁹¹	⁹	¹¹⁷	¹¹⁸	¹¹⁹	¹⁵	¹²⁰

NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma; NT, neuroblastoma tumor; EGF, epidermal growth factor; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; LC, liver cancer; PTC, papillary thyroid cancer; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; CC, cervical cancer.