PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Zhai, Xiaoyang
AU  - Zhang, Jian
AU  - Tian, Yaru
AU  - Li, Ji
AU  - Jing, Wang
AU  - Guo, Hongbo
AU  - Zhu, Hui
TI  - The mechanism and risk factors for immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in non-small cell lung cancer patients
AID  - 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0102
DP  - 2020 Aug 15
TA  - Cancer Biology and Medicine
PG  - 599--611
VI  - 17
IP  - 3
4099  - http://www.cancerbiomed.org/content/17/3/599.short
4100  - http://www.cancerbiomed.org/content/17/3/599.full
SO  - Cancer Biol Med2020 Aug 15; 17
AB  - Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are new and promising therapeutic agents for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, along with demonstrating remarkable efficacy, ICIs can also trigger immune-related adverse events. Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) has been reported to have a morbidity rate of 3% to 5% and a mortality rate of 10% to 17%. Moreover, the incidence of CIP in NSCLC is higher than that in other tumor types, reaching 7% to 13%. With the increased use of ICIs in NSCLC, CIP has drawn extensive attention from oncologists and cancer researchers. Identifying high risk factors for CIP and the potential mechanism of CIP are key points in preventing and monitoring serious adverse events. In this review, the results of our analysis and summary of previous studies suggested that the risk factors for CIP may include previous lung disease, prior thoracic irradiation, and combinations with other drugs. Our review also explored potential mechanisms closely related to CIP, including increased T cell activity against associated antigens in tumor and normal tissues, preexisting autoantibodies, and inflammatory cytokines.